membranes 1 (Osmosis)

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane (passive transport)

Osmotic pressure

Due to the different concentrations of water and solutes one either side of the membrane

non-penetrating solutes

molecules that cannot pass through the membrane

Tonicity

the effect that a solution will have in living cells through the action of osmosis

Osmolarity

measures the total number of particles in a volume of solution

Homeostasis

the collection of processes responsible for maintaining the conditions necessary for living systems to function

Osmoregulation

the processes by which cells balance solutes and water between their internal and external environments.

Crenation

in hypertonic solutions, water will leave the cell at a higher rate than water moves into the cell.

Normal

In isotonic solutions, water moves into the cell at the same rate that water moves out of the cell. Net water movement is said to be zero and this is the normal.

Lysis

in hypotonic solutions, the net movement of water is toward the inside of the cell.

Cells without a cell wall

crenation, normal, and lysis

ex: animal cells, mycoplasmas

cells with a cell wall

plasmolysis, flaccid, and turgor

ex: plants, fungi, most bacteria

Plasmolysis

in hypertonic solutions, plant cells experience net water loss, cell membranes shrivel up and pulls away from the cell wall, cell wall is unaffected.

Flaccid

In isotonic solutions, net movement is equal to zero

Turgor

In hypotonic solutions, water moves into the cell membrane and ir swells applying pressure to the cell wall.

Kidney

Aorta

Renal vein

ureter

Bladder

Urethra

Fluid Mosaic model

movement, many different components

HYPERTONIC

More on the outside, CRENATION AND PLASMOLYSIS

HYPOTONIC

more on the inside then outside, LYSIS AND TURGOR.