Software Development - Final Exam

Types of databases - By Functional:

Operational (OLTP), Analytical (OLAP)

Types of databases - By Data Model:

Relational, NoSQL, Key-Value, Document, Graph, Column-Family

What is a data model in software development?

A structured way of organizing and defining how data is stored, related, and accessed.

Test case (create from user story)

A small, specific test that checks one behavior from a user story (input → action → expected result).

Testing Driven Design (TDD)

Write tests first, Write code to pass tests, Refactor. Used to improve design and reduce bugs early.

Difference between TRUNCATE and DROP table

TRUNCATE: Deletes all rows, keeps the table. DROP: Deletes the entire table structure.

What is an SQL injection attack?

A security attack where malicious SQL is inserted into a query to access or damage a database

What is version control (VC)?

A system that tracks changes to code over time.

Centralized vs. decentralized VC

Centralized: One main server (e.g., Subversion). Decentralized: Each user has a full copy of the repo (e.g., Git).

What is a pipeline in DevOps?

An automated process that builds, tests, and deploys code.

Characteristics of high-quality code

Readable, simple, consistent, modular, well-documented, and efficient.

Types of software quality

Functional quality (what it does) and structural quality (how well it’s built).

How to manage complexity in code?

Use small functions, clear structure, abstraction, and modular design.

What is code coupling?

How much one piece of code depends on another.

Data coupling:

Modules share data through parameters only.

Stamp coupling:

Modules share complex data structures unnecessarily.

What is cohesion? Why is it important?

How closely related the tasks in a module are. High cohesion = clearer, easier-to-maintain code.

Purpose of using packages

Organize code, prevent name conflicts, and improve readability.

Java’s major foundations

Classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, interfaces, JVM.

SQL commands to add or change data

INSERT INTO table VALUES (...). UPDATE table SET column=value WHERE condition.

Abstraction vs. encapsulation

Abstraction: Hiding unnecessary details. Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods + restricting access.