CHAPTER_5 Psy of women all in one

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on gender comparisons in cognitive abilities and attitudes about achievements.

What is stereotype threat and how can it impact women's performance in mathematics?

Stereotype threat occurs when individuals are reminded of their group's negative stereotype, which can lead to decreased performance, particularly in subjects like mathematics.

By what age do many students believe that math and science are primarily associated with men?

By about the age of 10.

How do gender differences in attitudes toward mathematics manifest among boys and girls?

Boys typically have more positive attitudes toward mathematics than girls.

What three factors can contribute to gender differences in spatial and mathematics tasks?

Biology, experience, and attitudes.

What did Janet Hyde and Amy Mezulis conclude about gender differences in cognitive abilities?

Gender differences are often small in magnitude and low in frequency compared to similarities between the sexes.

In general, how do women perform compared to men on memory tasks?

Women are more skilled than men in remembering life events, recognizing faces, and remembering objects, although performance is equal for abstract shapes.

What difference exists between men and women regarding self-confidence in academic settings?

Men tend to report higher self-confidence than women, especially in public or traditionally masculine tasks.

What did the research find regarding the influence of external feedback on self-confidence for women and men?

Women's self-confidence is more influenced by other people's comments, while men's self-confidence tends to remain stable regardless of feedback.

How do men and women differ in their definitions of personal success?

Women are more likely to define success in terms of balance between professional achievement and personal relationships, while men often emphasize material success.

What role does attribution play in how men and women explain their successes?

Men are more likely to credit their success to ability, while women may attribute it to effort, task ease, or luck, although overall attribution patterns are quite similar.

What pattern was observed regarding gender differences in spatial visualization tasks?

Gender differences are minimal in spatial visualization tasks, with men performing slightly better in spatial perception and mental rotation tasks.

What overarching theme can be derived from research on gender comparisons in cognitive abilities?

Men and women are generally similar in most cognitive abilities, and any gender differences are often influenced by social contexts.

How do men and women approach achievement motivation?

Both genders generally exhibit similar levels of achievement motivation and intrinsic motivation.

What is one critical effect of stereotype threat on women's performance in tests?

Women may perform worse on math tests if they feel pressured by the stereotype that women do not do well in math.

What trend has been observed in women's performance in STEM fields over time?

Women's performance in STEM fields has improved, suggesting that previous differences were not due to biological factors.