Civil Right Movement

Civil Rights Movement

A struggle for social justice in the U.S. (1950s–60s) to end racial discrimination.

Plessy v Ferguson

A 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation under "separate but equal."

• Hernandez v Texas

A 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled Mexican Americans were entitled to equal protection under the 14th Amendment.

Hector P. Garcia

A Mexican American civil rights activist and founder of the American GI Forum.

Brown v. Board of Education

A 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.

Cesar Chavez

labor leader and activist who fought for farmworkers' rights

Thurgood Marshall

• The first Black Supreme Court justice and lawyer in Brown v. Board of Education.

Dolores Huerta

A labor leader and activist who co-founded the United Farm Workers (UFW).

Martin Luther King, Jr

A civil rights leader known for his role in the nonviolent fight for racial equality.

Chicano Mural Movement

A movement that used murals to celebrate Mexican American culture and history.

Rosa Parks 

Civil rights activist known for refusing to give up her bus seat, sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

American Indian Movement (AIM)

A Native American advocacy group fighting for Indigenous rights.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A protest against bus segregation in Alabama (1955–56), sparked by Rosa Parks.

Delgado v. Bastrop (1948)

A case that ended the segregation of Mexican American students in Texas schools.

Sit-in

A nonviolent protest where people refuse to leave a segregated space.

Freedom Riders

Civil rights activists who rode buses to challenge segregation in the South.

March on Washington

A 1963 protest for civil rights, where MLK delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A law that banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Little Rock Nine

A group of Black students who integrated an all-white high school in Arkansas in 1957.

NAACP

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, which fights for civil rights.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

• A law that banned racial discrimination in voting.

Malcolm X

A civil rights leader who advocated for Black empowerment and self-defense

Black Panthers

A militant group that fought against police brutality and for Black rights.

Betty Friedan

A feminist leader and author of The Feminine Mystique, sparking the women's rights movement.

Title IX

A law that bans sex discrimination in education and sports.

Affirmative Action

Policies that promote opportunities for minorities and women in education and jobs.

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

A proposed amendment to guarantee equal rights regardless of sex.