Gas Stoichiometry Vocab

Unit 9

Avogadro's Hypothesis

Proposed that equal volumes of gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain an equal number of molecules.

Avogadro's Law

states the direct proportionality between a gas's volume (V) and the number of moles (n) when temperature (T) and pressure (P) are constant, expressed as V/n = k or

𝑉1/𝑛1=𝑉2/𝑛2

.V2=n2(V1/n1)

Ideal Gas Law

relates the pressure (P), volume (V), number of moles (n), and temperature (T) of an ideal gas through the equation PV=nRT, where R is the ideal gas constant.

Combined Gas Law

combines Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Avogadro's Law to relate pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas.

Ideal Gas

a theoretical gas composed of many particles that are in constant, random motion, perfectly following the ideal gas law under all conditions.

5 points of Kinetic Molecular Theory

1. Gases consist of very small particles. 2. The distances between gas particles are large compared to their size. 3. Gas particles are in constant, random motion. 4. Collisions between gas particles are elastic. 5. The average kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to the temperature.

Ideal Gas Constant

a constant used in the ideal gas law, typically denoted as R, with a value of 0.0821 L·atm/(K·mol) or 8.314 J/(K·mol) depending on the units used.

Joule(J)

the SI unit of energy, defined as the amount of work done when a force of one newton moves an object one meter.

STP

standard temperature and pressure, defined as 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 K) and 1 atmosphere of pressure, used as a reference point in gas calculations.

Molar Volume

the volume occupied by one mole of an ideal gas at STP, approximately 22.4 liters.

RealGas

a gas that does not behave perfectly according to the ideal gas laws, exhibiting interactions between molecules and non-negligible volume.

Mole Fraction

the ratio of the number of moles of a component to the total number of moles in a mixture.

Vapor Pressure

the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase at a given temperature.

Gas Collected By Water Displacement

a method used to collect gas where it is forced through water, causing the gas to displace an equivalent volume of water, allowing measurement of the gas's volume.

diffusion

the process by which gas molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, driven by concentration gradients.

effusion

the process by which gas molecules escape from a container through a tiny hole into a vacuum or lower pressure area, typically described by Graham's law.