Module 4

What did Griffith do?

Investigated bacteria streptococcus pneumoniae. Concluding something passes from the harmful dead strain to the harmless living strain.

Explain Griffiths experiment using “S Strain” and “ R strain” bacteria.

He injected mice with both living forms of both strains and s killed the mice and r strain did not kill the mice. when the mouse was injected with dead varients of the s strain the mouse did not die.

What is transformation?

What happened to Griffiths Rats?

What did Hershey and Chase do?

What is Bacteriophage?

What did Chargaff do?

What are Chargaff’s rules?

What are purine bases?

What are Pyrimidine bases?

What is complimentary base pairing?

Which bases pair (base paring rule)?

What did Rosalin Franklin do?

What did Watson & Crick do?

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Nucleotides are joined by what type of bond in the DNA helix?

The 2 strands are joined by what type of bond in the DNA molecule?

The two stands are joined by what type of bond?

What does antiparallel mean in relation to the DNA molecule?

What does “variability” of the base mean?

What are the 3 steps in DNA replication?

What happens in each step?

What is DNA polymerase?

What does it do in the replication of DNA?

Why is DNA replication referred to as “semi-conservative’?

What is the replication bubble?

What is the replication fork?

What is “proofreading”?

What is the “Central dogma” of molecular biology?

What is DNA?

Where is DNA found?

What is the structure of DNA?

What is a protein?

Where are proteins synthesized?

What is the “go-between” between DNA and proteins?

What are the 3 classes of RNA?

What do they do?

Where are they found?

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

What are the 2 steps of gene expression?

What is Transcription?

Where does it occur?

What is translation?

Where does it occur?

What does the sequence of nucleotides in DNA specify?

How many nucleotides are there?

How many amino acids are there?

What is Codon?

How many codon are there?

WHat are the properties of the genetic code?

What does it mean for the genetic code to be degenerate?

Why is genetic code “unambiguous”?

What are the start and stops of codons?

Why is genetic code universal?

What is transcription?

What is the product of transcription?

What happens to it?

What are the steps of translation?

What happens to the newly synthesized polypeptide?

What is a gene?

What is a mutation?

What is proofreading?

What is a frameshift mutation?

What is a point mutation?

WHat is evolution?

What is meant by unity and diversity of life?

What is “descent with modification”?

What is natural selection?

What is “fixity of species”?

Contrast the world views at the time of darwin.

What were the views of Plato and Aristotle with regard to species and change?

What is the Scala Naturae?

Who was Linnaeus?

What were his contributions to science?

Who was Leclerc?

what were his contributions to science?

Who was Erasmus Darwin?

What were his contributions to science?

Who was Cuvier?

What were his contributions to science?

Who was Lamark?

What were his contributions to science?

Who was Charles Darwin?

What were his contributions to science?

What is binomial nimenclature?

What are vestigial organs?

What is catastrophism?

What was the theory of inheritance of Acquired characteristics?

What was the HMS Beagle?

What was the purpose of the Beagle mission?

What was the actual result of the Beagle mission with regard to Darwin?

What is biogeography?

When was Beagle voyage? 

when did Darwin publish his work?

What is the name of Darwin’s famous book?

Who was Alfred Russel Wallace?

What are the preconditions of natural slection?

List and explain the evidence of evolution?

What are humongous structures?

What are analogous structures?

What is evolution?

What is population?

What is a gene pool?

What is a allele frequency?

Technically when does evolution occur?

Who were Hardy and Weinburg?

What is equilibrium population?

What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

What is the Hardy-Weinberg law? (5 conditions)

what is gene flow?

What is genetic drift?

What is founder effect?

What is bottleneck effect?

What is nonrandom mating?

examples?

What is natural selection?

What are the requirements for natural selection to occur?