Chapter 2.2 Active and Passive Transport

What is Passive Transport?

The movement of substances across the plasma membrane without the use of energy (ATP)

What are the three types of Passive Transport?

Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, and Osmosis

What is Diffusion in Passive transport, and an example of it?

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (ex: oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusing through the cell membrane)

What does Facilitated Diffusion do in Passive Transport, and an example of it?

Uses channel or carrier proteins to help transport molecules that cannot directly cross the membrane (ex: glucose entering a cell through a glucose transporter.

What is Osmosis in passive transport, and an example of it?

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (EX: water moving into a cell in a hypotonic solution)

What is Active transport?

The movement of substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP)

What are three types of Active Transport?

Primary Active Transport, Endocytosis, Exocytosis.

What is Primary Active Transport?

The direct use of ATP to move ions or molecules (ex: sodium-potassium pump moving sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell).

What is endocytosis in Active Transport?

The process of engulfing substances into the cell by forming a vesicle.

What are two forms of Endocytosis?

Pinocytosis, and Phagocytosis.

What is Pinocytosis in endocytosis?

“Cell DRINKING” where the cell engulfs extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes.

What is Phagocytosis in endocytosis?

“Cell EATING” where the cell engulfs large particles or even whole cells (eg immune cells engulfing bacteria.

What is Exocytosis?

The process of expelling materials from the cell by fusing a vesicle with the plasma membrane (ex: secretion of hormones or neurotransmitters)