Cell Chemistry

CHNOPS

essential elements of life

macromolecules

giant molecules formed from many smaller molecules

monomers

small units

polymers

monomers joined together in a chain

carbohydrate

provide "short term" energy, used for structure

monosaccharide

monomer of carbohydrates

lipids

stores "long term" energy, waterproof coverings

nucleic acid function

carries and transmits genetic information

examples of nucleic acids

DNA, RNA

nucleotides

monomer of nucleic acid

phosphate, nitrogen base, sugar

building blocks of nucleotide

structure, regulate cell, enzymes

functions of protein

amino acid

monomer of a protein

enzyme

protein that speeds up chemical reactions

chemical composition of carbohydrate

C, H, O

chemical composition of lipid

C, H some oxygen

chemical composition of nucleic acid

C, H, N, O, P

chemical composition of protein

C, H, N, O

cohesion

an attraction between molecules of the same substance

adhesion

An attraction between molecules of different substances

hydrogen bond

Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.

covalent bond

A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons

polarity

molecules having different charges

heat capacity

large amount of energy required to change temperature of water

density of water

molecules in solid are more spread out than liquid

universal solvent

water is able to dissolve many substances

activation energy

energy required to start a reaction

reactants

A starting material in a chemical reaction

product

A substance produced in a chemical reaction

capillary action

result of cohesion and adhesion of water