STATES OF MATTER

What are the three states of matter?

• solid

• liquid

• gas

Describe solids

• strong forces of attraction

• fixed position

• they are vibrating

• fixed volume

Describe liquids

• weak forces of attraction

• shape can change

• fixed volume

• particles slightly touch, but they freely move around

Describe gases

• very weak forces of attraction

• free to move

• constantly moving

• can expand to fit container, so volume is not fixed

Solid to liquid?

Melting which takes place at melting point

What happens during melting?

• heating solid, its particles start to vibrate even more

• this increased vibration weakens the bonds holding the particles in a fixed structure, allowing them to move past each other.

• This changes the state from a solid to a liquid.

Liquid to gas?

Boiling at boiling point

What happens during boiling?

• during boiling, the liquid particles gain enough energy to overcome the attractive forces holding them together.

• This causes them to break free from a liquid and evaporate into the air, resulting in gas.

Gas to Liquid?

Condensation

What happens during condensation?

• during condensation, gas particles lose more energy, slow down, and become more closer together.

• Their attractions overcome their speed, and they join together forming liquid

Liquid to solid?

Freezing

What happens during freezing?

• Particles in liquid lose more kinetic energy, so they slow down even further as their attractive forces lock them into a fixed position.