1. Health Promotion & Family Structure

health

a state of complete physical, mental, & social well-being

not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

defined by each person regarding their own values and beliefs

• as well as family, culture, community, and society

health promotion

The process of allowing people to improve their state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being by increasing their control over the determinants of health

public health is measured by:

• morbidity - how frequently a disease occurs

• mortality - the number of deaths resulting from a disease

internal variables of health

• perception of symptoms

• coping skills

• locus of control

  • how well they feel they can control things

external variables of health

• visibility of symptoms (e.g. rash, limping)

• social groups

• cultural backgrounds (e.g. balance, rituals, opinion on meds)

• economic variables

• HC access

• social support

wellness

an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting physical, mental, and emotional health

disease

medical term, referring to the pathologic changes in the structure or function of the body or mind

illness

the response of a person to a disease

an abnormal process involving changed level of functioning

both acute & chronic illnesses can be life-threatening

acute illness

• rapid onset of symptoms that last a short time

• e.g. common cold, diarrhea, asthma

• tx: usually self-limiting, meds, surgery

chronic illness

• broad term encompassing many physical & mental alterations in health

• 1 or more of the following:

  • permanent, causes/ed irreversible alterations, special education for rehab, long period of care

• can have periods of remission & exacerbations

• e.g. COPD, diabetes, arthritis

risk factors for illness and injury

• modifiable and nonmodifiable things

• age, genes, physiological factors, health habits, lifestyle, environment

stages of illness behavior

1. experience symptoms - self care, OTC meds

2. assume the sick role - give up ADLs

3. assuming a dependent role - seeking HCW, dx, tx

4. recovery/rehab - begins in hospital, ends at home when resuming ADLs

health equity

attainment of the highest level of health for all people

health disparity

an unavoidable difference in health status between population groups

influenced by race/ethnicity, poverty, sex, age, mental health, educational level, disabilities, sexual orientation, health insurance, & access to HC

social determinants of health

the conditions in which people live, work, learn, and play that influence their health and well-being

factors affecting health & illness

• basic human needs

• human dimensions

• self-concept

• risk factors for illness or injury

The Human Dimensions Composing the Whole Person

• physical dimension - genetics, age, race, gender, developmental level

• emotional dimension - how the mind affects body function & responds to body conditions

• intellectual dimension - cognitive abilities, educational background, past experiences

• environmental dimension - housing, sanitation, climate, pollution

• sociocultural dimension - economic level, lifestyle, family, culture

• spiritual dimension - spiritual beliefs and values

nurse role in health promotion

1. information dissemination health risk appraisal

2. lifestyle/behavior change

3. environmental control programs

models of health and illness

• the health belief model

• the health promotion model

• stages of change model

the health belief model (rosenstock)

• what people perceive to be true about themselves in relation to their health

• modifying factors: demographic & sociopsychological

• three components:

  • perceived susceptibility to a disease

  • perceived seriousness of a disease

  • perceived benefits of action

the health promotion model (murdaugh)

• developed to illustrate how people interact with their environment as they pursue health

• pt characteristics, experiences, & behavior-specific knowledge/believes to motivate health-promoting behavior

• variables:

  • activity-related affect

  • commitment to a plan of action

  • immediate competing demands & preferences

stages of change model (prochaska & DiClemente)

used by counselors addressing behavrios including injury prevnetion, addiction, & weight loss

• Precontemplation

  • Person is unaware that change needs to be made  

  • E.g. a smoker who doesn’t think smoking is a problem 

• Contemplation 

  • Person is aware of problem and are seriously thinking about overcoming it, but have not yet made a commitment to take action 

  • E.g. smoke thinks about quitting but hasn't taken any steps 

• Determination: commitment to action 

  • Person is getting ready to take action and has some intention to change in the near future 

  • E.g. gathering information, setting goals, taking small steps towards change 

• Action: implementing the plan 

  • Person is actively changing their behavior by implementing and making changes 

  • E.g. the smoker has quit smoking 

• Maintenance: 

  • Person is working to prevent relapse 

E.g. a former smoker who continues to abstain from smoking and avoids situations that may tempt them to smoke

basichuman needs

• behaviors, feelings about self and other, values, and priorities

• essential for people’s health & survival

• some needs are med independently, most require relationships & interactions with other for partial or complete fulfillment

Basic Needs/Maslows Triangle definition

• lack of fulfillment can result in illness

• fulfillment can help prevent illness

• meeting basic needs restores health

• fulfillment of basic needs takes priority over other desires and needs when unmet

Basic Needs/Maslows Triangle examples

self-fulfillment needs

• self actualization - meeting one’s full potential in life

psychological needs

• esteem - respect/status/strength

• love & belonging - relationships/family/connections

basic needs - CANT LIVE WITHOUT

• safety - security/health/finances

• biological & physiological - food/sleep/water

family

any group of people who live together and depend on one another for physical, emotional, and financial support

basic unit of society

nuclear family

traditional family

two parents and their children

extended family

aunts, uncles, and grandparents

blended family

two parents and their unrelated children from previous relationships

single-parent family

may be separated, divorced, widowed, or never marries

echinacea (coneflower) herb

boost immune system; enhance wound healing

may reduce immunosuppressant effectiveness

feverfew herb

prevents migraines, HA, arthritis; stimulates digestion

increases anticoagulant effects

garlic

reduces HPT & cholesterol; antibiotic/antifungal; anticlotting

increases anticoagulant effects

ginger

for digestion/motion sickness/dizziness/nausea

increases anticoagulant effects

ginkgo

improves memory function, relieves stress

increases anticoagulant effects

ginseng

stimulates mental activity & enhances immune system

may interact with caffeine & decrease effects of glaucoma meds

milk thistle

enhances flow in gallbladder, liver, spleen, & stomach

reduces effectiveness of OC

saw palmetto

anti-inflammatory; prostate hypertrophy

may give false low PSA levels delaying dx of prostate cancer

st. john’s wort

antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral

potentiate antidepressant meds

valerian

sedative/tranquillizer, lowers BP, helps cramps

can increase sedative effects of antianxiety meds

chamomile

GI upset

asthma exacerbation & pregnancy - miscarriage

eucalyptus

anti-inflammatory

asthma & low BP

jasmine

antidepressant

HPT

lavender

insomnia

tea tree

antifungal

arnica

joint soreness or arthritis

can increase anticoagulation

calendula

muscle spasms/menstrual period

pregnant & breastfeeding

ignatia

anxiety

pregnancy & breast-feeding

peppermint

natural pesticide, N/D