AMOEBA (Protozoa) PART 1

Protozoa

_____________ are unicellular organisms and the lowest form of animal life in the subkingdom.

Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic

Phylum Sarcomastigophora and subphylum Sarcodina, includes the _________________ amoebas.

Pseudopods

Amoebas are equipped with the ability to extend their cytoplasm in the form of ____________ (false feet), which allows them to move within their environment.

1. Cysts

2. Trophozoites

Two morphologic forms in the amoeba:

Trophozoites

____________ the form that feeds, multiplies, and possesses pseudopods.

Cysts

_________ non-feeding stage characterized by a thick protective cell wall.

Phylum: Apicomplexa

Class: Sporozoa

Phylum: Ciliophora

Class: Kinetofragminophorea

1. Sarcomastigophora

2. Ciliophora

3. Apicomplexa

3 Phylums in Subkingdom: PROTOZOA

Subphylum: Sarcodina

Class: Lobosea (amebas)

Subphylum: Mastigophora

Class: Zoomastigophora (flagellates/ hemoflagellates)

Intestinal Species

Entamoeba histolytica

Intestinal Species

Entamoeba hartmanni

Intestinal Species

Entamoeba coli

Intestinal Species

Entamoeba polecki

Intestinal Species

Endolimax nana

Intestinal Species

Iodamoeba butschlii

Extraintestinal Species

Entamoeba gingivalis

Extraintestinal Species

Naegleria fowleri

Extraintestinal Species

Acanthamoeba Species

Entamoeba histolytica

_____________: Common associated disease or condition names, Intestinal amebiasis, amebic colitis, amebic dysentery, extraintestinal amebiasis.

8-65 um

Size range of Entamoeba histolytica (trophozoite): ___________

Progressive, finger-like pseudopodia

Motility of Entamoeba histolytica(trophozoite): ___________________

One

Number of Nuclei of Entamoeba histolytoca (trophozoite): _______________

Small and Central

Karyosome of Entamoeba histolytica(trophozoite): _________________

Finely granular

Cytoplasm of Entamoeba histolytica (trophozoite): __________________

Fine and evenly distributed

Peripheral Chromatin of Entamoeba histolytica (trophozoite): __________________

Ingested Red Blood Cell

Cytoplasmic inclusion of Entamoeba histolytica (trophozoite): ______________

8-22 um

Size range of Entamoeba histolytica (cyst): ___________

Spherical to round

Shape of Entamoeba histolytica (cyst): ______________

One to four

Number of Nuclei of Entamoeba histolytica (cyst): ____________

Cromatoid bars, rounded ends in young cysts. Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts.

Cytoplasmic inclusion of Entamoeba histolytica (cyst): _______________

• Standard and alternative methods

• ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)

• IHA (indirect hemagglutination)

• GDP (gel diffusion precipitin’)

• IIF (indirect immunofluorescence)

Laboratory diagnosis for Entamoeba histolytica:

1 Month

Life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica: The survival in a feces contaminated environment for up to __________ is common.

Pathogenic Intestinal Amoeba

Entamoeba histolytica only known ____________________. Can be asymptomatic or Symptomatic.

Epidemiology of Entamoeba histolytica

Infection occurs in as many as 10% of the world’s population and is considered a leading cause of parasitic deaths after only malaria.

Treatment of Entamoeba histolytica

• Paramomycin

• Diloxanide furoate (Furamide)

• Metronidazols (Flagyl)

Prevention and Control of Entamoeba histolytica

Improved sanitation will help to reduce the likelihood of transmission.