CH8.0 - Circulatory System (Cardiovascular System)

FWAEEEH

The circulatory system delivers…

Nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and other related substances

The circulatory system removes…

Carbon dioxide, cellular waste products

The circulatory system participates in the?

Immune system

The blood vascular system and the lymph vascular system are subsystems of the?

Cardiovascular system

The heart is a hollow muscular organ, located in the?

Mediastinum of thoracic cavity

The heart pumps bloods towards the?

Arteries

The heart is enveloped by connective tissue called?

Pericardium

The _________ pericardium is made up of dense irregular connective tissue.

Fibrous

The _________ pericardium is made up of loose connective tissue.

Serous

The serous pericardium is made up of this epithelium.

Simple squamous

The _________ pericardium is the outer layer of the serous pericardium.

Parietal

The _________ pericardium is the inner layer of the serous pericardium.

Visceral

The free surface of serous pericardium is lined by?

Mesothelium

This cavity contains pericardial fluid secreted by mesothelial cells.

Pericardial

In adults, how much mL of pericardial fluid is there?

15-50

Pericardial fluid provides?

Reduced friction; some protection against infection, outside forces and pressure

The endocardium is the _________ layer of the heart.

Thinnest

The myocardium is the _________ layer of the heart.

Thickest

The endocardium lines the ___________ of the heart.

Internal surface

The myocardium is arranged in a _____________.

Spiral course

The myocardium originates and inserts in the?

Cardiac skeleton (via dense connective)

The innermost layer of endocardium is lined with?

Endothelium

The connective tissue layer beneath the innermost layer of endocardium has?

Blood vessels, nerves, smooth muscles, and Purkinje fibers

What is secreted by cardiac muscles in the atria and interventricular septum, and participates in cardio-renal homeostasis?

Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides

The epicardium is synonymous with the __________ pericardium.

Visceral

The epicardium’s __________ is lined mesothelium.

Loose connective tissue

In areas of the heart where bigger branches of the coronary arteries are lodged, the epicardium contains a lot of?

Adipose cells

Coronary arteries are larger where?

Upper heart

The cardiac skeleton is made of _____________ tissue that forms the stroma of the heart.

Dense connective

This cardiac skeleton component is of the interventricular septum.

Septum membranaceum

This cardiac skeleton component surrounds the AV and semilunar orifices.

Annuli fibrosis

This cardiac skeleton component is between the semilunar and AV orifices.

Trigona fibrosa

The function of the cardiac valve is to?

Prevent backflow

The cardiac valve consists of _____________ and a dense connective tissue core.

Reduplicated endocardia

The dense connective tissue core in the cardiac valve is continuous with which cardiac skeleton component?

Annuli fibrosis

The atrioventricular valve directs blood flow…

…from atrium to ventricle.

This valve is located between the right atrium and ventricle.

Tricuspid valve

This valve is located between the left atrium and ventricle.

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

The semilunar valve directs blood flow…

…from ventricle to vessels.

This valve is located between the left ventricle and aorta.

Aortic valve

This valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.

Pulmonic valve

Cardiac muscle fiber contraction is triggered via electrical impulse from these specialized noncontractile cardiac muscle fibers.

Purkinje fibers

This impulse-conducting system component consists of Purkinje fibers, is located at the boundary of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, and acts as a pacemaker.

Sinoatrial node

This impulse-conducting system component are small bundles of Purkinje fibers, which propagates generated electrical signals.

Internodal tracts

This impulse-conducting system component delays electrical impulse slightly to allow proper contraction, and is located in the myocardium of the posterior lower part of the interatrial septum.

Atrioventricular node

This impulse-conducting system component transfers electrical impulse into the left & right ventricles via branches, and is located in the dense connective tissue of the trigonum fibrosum.

Atrioventricular bundle of His

Purkinje fibers are larger, paler, and have more ___________ than the typical cardiac muscle fibers.

Glycogen

Coronary arteries arise from?

Ascending aorta

Coronary arteries are drained by?

Cardiac veins

Coronary arteries are also known as end arteries because?

Branches aren’t formed among each other

Cardiac veins empty either into the _________________ or right atrium.

Coronary sinus

These are abundant in myocardium, subendocardium, and subepicardium.

Lymph channels

The heart receives ___________ from the vagus nerve and the sympathetic division.

Efferent nerve