Renal Function and Laboratory Safety

These flashcards cover essential terminology and concepts related to renal function, laboratory tests, and safety management protocols necessary for exam preparation.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) clearance test

Tests used to determine kidney function by measuring substances that are neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the tubules.

Radionuclide clearance test

A test that visualizes filtration and eliminates the need for urine collection.

MDRD-IDSM

A formula that calculates creatinine clearance including variables such as serum creatinine, age, and gender.

Cystatin C

A protein used to monitor GFR that does not require urine collection and is not secreted by tubules.

Freezing point depression

The phenomenon where a solute lowers the freezing point of a solvent.

Serum osmolarity

A measure of solute concentration in blood, with a normal range of 275 to 300 mOsm.

Effective renal plasma flow (ERPF)

A measure of blood flow through the kidneys calculated based on urine and plasma substance concentrations.

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

A hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance, mainly affecting sodium retention.

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

A hormone that regulates urine concentration by controlling tubular permeability.

Creatinine clearance

A test to measure the kidney's ability to filter creatinine from the blood, requiring urine collection.

Urine specific gravity

A measure of urine concentration, indicating hydration status, typically ranging from 1.005 to 1.020.

Quality Management

The systematic process to ensure accurate testing and patient care in a laboratory setting.

Universal Precautions

A set of guidelines by the CDC to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens in healthcare settings.

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

A document that provides information on the properties of hazardous chemicals and guidelines for safe handling.

NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) rating

A labeling system assessing the risk of materials regarding health, flammability, and reactivity.

PASS acronym

A mnemonic for using a fire extinguisher: Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep.

First morning specimen

The urine sample collected first thing in the morning, typically more concentrated than random samples.

Biochemical hazards

Risks associated with exposure to biological agents, such as infectious materials in the laboratory.