TRENDS 2

Network

Is a group of individuals working together to achieve common goals, such as a work team or a group of learners. _____ is crucial for pooling resources, identifying potential problems, building support, and advocating issues. It enhances flexibility, knowledge exchange, and problem-solving capabilities.

Connection

refers to a link between objects or individuals with a common goal or origin. Examples include the link between global warming and forest fires, or unemployment and poverty.

Relationship

describes the way two or more entities interact and regard each other. It involves multiple levels of connection, such as the interactions between economies in the APEC meetings.

Cerebrum

is the largest part of the brain and is composed of right and left hemispheres. It performs higher functions like interpreting touch, vision and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement.

Cerebellum

is located under the cerebrum. Its function is to coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, and balance.

Brainstem

acts as a relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. It performs many automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing.

Left Brain

hemisphere controls speech, comprehension, arithmetic, and writing. The ____ hemisphere is dominant in hand use and language in about 92% of people.

Right Brain

hemisphere controls creativity, spatial ability, artistic, and musical skills.

Human Brain

is the command center for the human nervous system. It receives signals from the body's sensory organs and outputs information to the muscles. The human brain has the same basic structure as other mammal brains but is larger in relation to body size than any other brains.

Central Nervous System

is composed of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System

is composed of spinal nerves that branch from the spinal cord and cranial nerves that branch from the brain.

Hypothalamus

is located in the floor of the third ventricle and is the master control of the autonomic system. It plays a role in controlling behaviors such as hunger, thirst, sleep, and sexual response. It also regulates body temperature, blood pressure, emotions, and secretion of hormones.

Pituitary gland

lies in a small pocket of bone at the skull base called the sella turcica. The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus of the brain by the pituitary stalk. Known as the “master gland,” it controls other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes hormones that control sexual development, promote bone and muscle growth, and respond to stress.

Pineal gland

is located behind the third ventricle. It helps regulate the body’s internal clock and circadian rhythms by secreting melatonin. It has some role in sexual development.

Thalamus

serves as a relay station for almost all information that comes and goes to the cortex. It plays a role in pain sensation, attention, alertness and memory. Basal ganglia includes the caudate, putamen and globus pallidus. These nuclei work with the cerebellum to coordinate fine motions, such as fingertip movements.

Limbic system

is the center of our emotions, learning, and memory. Included in this system are the cingulate gyri, hypothalamus, amygdala (emotional reactions) and hippocampus (memory).

Dura mater

Is a strong, thick membrane that closely lines the inside of the skull; its two layers, the periosteal and meningeal dura, are fused and separate only to form venous sinuses. The dura creates little folds or compartments. There are two special dural folds, the falx and the tentorium. The falx separates the right and left hemispheres of the brain and the tentorium separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.

Arachnoid mater

is a thin, web-like membrane that covers the entire brain. The arachnoid is made of elastic tissue. The space between the dura and arachnoid membranes is called the subdural space.

Pia mater

hugs the surface of the brain following its folds and grooves. The ____ mater has many blood vessels that reach deep into the brain. The space between the arachnoid and ____ is called the subarachnoid space. It is here where the cerebrospinal fluid bathes and cushions the brain.

Skull

Protect the brain from injury. The ____ is formed from eight bones that fuse together along suture lines.