U1 AOS2: Normality and Abnormality

Atypical development

Development that is not typical — it noticeably differs in a significant way from what is usual or appropriate.

Sociocultural approach

Thoughts, feelings and behaviours considered appropriate or acceptable in one culture/society are viewed as normal, and those that are inappropriate or unacceptable are considered abnormal.

Functional approach

Thoughts, feelings and behaviour are viewed as normal if the individual is able to cope with living independently (function) in society, but considered abnormal if the individual is unable to function effectively in society.

Historical approach

What is considered normal and abnormal behaviour depends on the era when the judgement is made.

Medical approach

Abnormal thoughts, feelings or behaviour are viewed as having an underlying biological, physical cause and can be diagnosed and treated.

Statistical approach

If a large majority of people (statistical average) think, feel or behave in a certain way it is considered normal.

Situational approach

Thoughts, feelings and behaviour that may be considered normal in one situation may be considered abnormal in another situation.

Typical behaviour

Those that are normal for a person. These behaviours are consistent with their character and are performed regularly.

Atypical behaviour

The person acts in ways that are unusual ('atypical') for them. They are behaving 'out of character'.

Maladaptive behaviour

interferes with the person's ability to carry out their usual activities in an effective way. It is sometimes called dysfunctional behaviour because it disrupts everyday 'functioning'.

Adaptive behaviour

any behaviour that enables an individual to adjust to the environment appropriately and effectively.