Yi/White Ap Human 2.10-2.12

Immigration

Movement of individuals into a population

Asylum

A place of retreat or security

Internal Migration

Migration within a country

Brain Drain

The emigration of highly trained or intelligent people from a particular country

International Migration

Permanent movement from one country to another

Chain Migration

The migration event in which individuals follow the migratory path of preceding friends or family members to an existing community

Interregional Migration

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another

Circulation

Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis

Counter Migration

The return of migrants to the regions from which they earlier emigrated

Intraregional Migration

Movement within a region

Intervening Obstacles

Any forces or factors that may limit human migration.

Counter urbanization

Net migration from urban to rural areas

Intervening Opportunity

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.

Distance Decay

The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin

Emigration

Movement of individuals out of a population

Migration

Movement of people from one place to another

Forced Migration

Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate

Migration Transition

Change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition

Guest Workers

Workers who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern of Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher-paying jobs

Mobility

All types of movement from one location to another.

Net Migration

The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration

Pull Factors

A factor that draws or attracts people to another location

Push Factors

Incentives for potential migrants to leave a place

Quotas (Quota Laws)

Laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year

Refugees

People who flee their homeland to seek safety elsewhere

Suburbanization

The growth of cities outside of an urban area

Undocumented Immigrants

People who enter a country without proper documents

Urbanization

Movement of people from rural areas to cities

Voluntary Migration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice

Xenophobia

Fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

Observed patterns about migration tendencies and demographics in the 1880's

"Center of Population"

A geographical point that describes a center-point of the region's population

Geographic Center

The center of land area of a country

Exurbanites

People who have left the inner city and moved to outlying suburbs or rural areas

Internally Displaced Persons

People forcibly driven from their homes into a different part of their country

Step Migration

Migration that follows a path of a series of stages or steps towards a final destination

Remittance

Transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated

Cyclic Movement

Movement that has a closed route and is repeated

Transhumance

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures

Wilbur Zelinsky

An American geographer who identified stages of migration transition as a tool for identifying how migration patterns changed in accordance with the demographic transition

Cotton Belt

Term by which the American South used to be known, as cotton historically dominated the agricultural economy of the region. The same area is now known as the New South because people have migrated here from older cities in the industrial north for a better climate and new job opportunities

Rust Belt

Northern Industrial States of the United States, including Illinois, Ohio, Michigan and Pennsylvania, in which heavy industry was once the dominant economic activity. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, these states lost much of their economic base to economically attractive regions of the USA and to countries where labor was cheaper, leaving old machinery to rust in the moist northern climate

Sun Belt

The Region of the USA mostly comprised of the southeastern and southwestern states, which has seen an increase in Its population and economic prosperity since World War II. The Sun Belt is an increasingly attractive place to live for many people, leading to its rapid growth in recent decades

Stage one ("Premodern traditional society")

There are very high levels of mobility (nomadism), but very little migration.

Stage two ("Early transitional society")

"massive movement from countryside to cities" occurs and Internationally there is a high rate of emigration, although the total population number is still rising.

Stage three ("Late transitional society")

Corresponds to the "critical rung of the mobility transition" where urban-to-urban migration surpasses the rural-to-urban migration, where rural-to-urban migration "continues but at waning absolute or relative rates

Stage four ("Advanced society")

The "movement from countryside to city continues but is further reduced in absolute and relative terms, vigorous movement of migrants from city to city and within individual urban agglomerations. especially within a highly elaborated lattice of major and minor metropolises" is observed. A large increase of urban to suburban migration can also occur.