THEO TEST #WHATEVER

patriarch

A bishop of the highest rank second only to the pope. In the early Church, individual and regional churches (i.e., Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem) were led by patriarchs. The modern equivalent in the Catholic Church is an archbishop. Today, the heads of Eastern Catholic rites (who are in communion with the pope) and Eastern Orthodox Christians are called patriarchs.

Heresy

the obstinate denial after baptism of a truth that must be believed with divine and catholic faith

apostasy

renunciation of a religion; among sins against the first commandment apostasy is the sin of total repudiation of the christian faith

schism

a division caused by the differences in beliefs; among sins against the first commandment, schism is the refusal of submission to the pope or of communion with the members of the church subject to him

ecumenical council

a meeting of all the world's bishops together in union with the pope

council of nicaea

First ecumenical council of the Church, called by Roman Emporer Constantine in A.D. 325, which taught that Jesus is consubstantial with the Father, and which initially drafted what would become the Nicene Creed.

council of Constantinople

An ecumenical council convened in AD 381 that condemned again Arius's teaching, reaffirmed the teachings of the Council of Nicaea, and issued a revised Creed

consubstantial

Of the same substance. This word is used to describe how God the Father and God the Son are both fully God, or of the same divine substance. This teaching was definitively set forth in the Nicene Creed to combat false teachings about Jesus and affirm the Truth of His human and divine natures

arianism

An influential heresy of the early Church that taught that Jesus, the Son of God, was created by God the Father, and therefore not truly equal to Him or of the same substance

council of ephesus

An ecumenical council convened by Emperor Theodosius in AD 431, which condemned Nestorianism and proclaimed the hypostatic union — that Christ is one person with two natures — a human nature and a divine nature

nestorianism

The name given to a heresy of the early Church that divided Jesus into two persons, an eternal divine Person and a created human person who were closely connected but not one and the same

hypostatic union

the union of the divine and human natures in the one divine person of Jesus Christ

council of chalcedon

An ecumenical council convened in AD 451 that condemned the heresy of Monophysitism and further clarified Church teaching on the two natures of Christ

monophysites

Christians, such as the Coptic Orthodox, who believe that Jesus Christ has a single nature that is both fully human and fully divine. Churches with Monophysite Christologies are called Oriental Orthodox Churches

great schism

the seperation of eastern christians from teh catholic church in 1054; the eastern churches became known as the orthadoc church

great schism

The separation of Eastern Christians from the Catholic Church in 1054. The Eastern churches became known as the Orthodox Church

caesaropapism

political theory that the head of state should be head of that state's church

donation of pepin

The name for the gift of land from King Pepin to Pope Stephen II in 756. This donation gave the pope control over regions in present-day Italy that became the Papal States, helped free the pope from the influence of the Byzantine emperors, and strengthened the Church's alliance with the Frankish kings

Papal States

terretories in present day italy that were under control of the church from 756-1870

king charlemagne

King of the Franks who was crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor in 800 by Pope Leo III. Also known as Charles the Great, the Carolingian Renaissance, a flourishing of intellectual life and culture in medieval Europe, flourished under his rule

the filioque controversy

Latin for "and from the Son." A term used to refer to the Roman Catholic understanding that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and from the Son (as opposed to from the Father alone, as professsed by Eastern Christians). Disagreement over the filioque was one root of the Great Schism between Eastern and Western Christianity

what was God's response to original sin in order to save humanity

sending Jesus

Why was the council of Jersualem held

This provided the Church with her earliest opportunity to model how to deal with heresy and schism. At the request of St. Paul and other Apostles, a council was convened in Jerusalem to discern how best to proceed.

How many ecumenical councils have been held in the history of the Catholic Church?

21

What Roman Emperor gave Christians protection in the Roman Empire through the Edict of Milan?

Constantine

When was the Nicene Creed first drafted?

Council of Nicaea 325 AD

What is the main structure of the Nicene Creed?

God the Father creating, God the Son's life, Holy Spirit and Church.

When it comes to a proper view of the Trinity, what is the ONLY thing that differentiates each Person of the Trinity from one another?

Relationship to one another

What was the primary controversy in the Council of Nicaea?

To oppose the heresy of Arianism (An influential heresy of the early Church that taught that Jesus, the Son of God, was created by God the Father, and therefore not truly equal to Him or of the same substance)

What was the primary controversy in the Council of Constantinople?

Apollinarianism(human body and human soul, but divine mind)

What was the primary controversy in the Council of Ephesus?

Condemning Nestorianism and affirm the title of Mary Theotokos

What church split off from the Catholic Church because of this controversy?

The Assyrian Church of the East

What was the primary controversy in the Council of Chalcedon?

Condemn Monophysites heresy and upheld the hypostatic union

What church split off from the Catholic Church because of this controversy?

The Oriental Orthodox Church

What is the official Church teaching on Jesus Christ's personhood and natures?

That Jesus has two natures, one divine and the other human

Why is it important to maintain at all times that Jesus is fully God and fully human?

It allows for the concept of salvation through his sacrifice on the cross

How many different rites (ways to say Mass) exist in the Catholic Church?

24

What historical event led to the split of the Roman Empire into a "Western" and "Eastern" section?

Civil war and Emperor Diocletian

What event in 476 A.D. solidified the geographical separation between the Western and Eastern Roman Empire?

Germanic barbarian invasions

How did Pope Leo III solidify the political separation between the Western and Eastern Catholic Churches?

By crowning Charlemagne as the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire in 800 A.D.

What was the primary theological tension between the Western and Eastern Catholic Church that ultimately led to their separation from one another?

The excommunication of Michael Cerularius

What is the Eastern Orthodox teaching on marriage?

That couples may divorce and remarry with the authority of the Church

What is the Eastern Orthodox teaching on Original Sin?

It doesn't exist

What is the Eastern Orthodox teaching on the Immaculate Conception?

It was not needed because Original Sin doesn't exist