Asian Philosophies final exam until 4/3

What are the Five Precepts in Buddhism?

Refrain from taking life, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and intoxicants.

How do Buddhist ethics view moral rules?

They are flexible and emphasize intention and consequences, especially when rules conflict.

What is the central teaching of the Sermon on the Four Noble Truths regarding compassion?

All creatures love life, all creatures fear pain.

What does upaya mean in Buddhist ethics?

Skillful means; sometimes an imperfect action is the best way to reduce suffering.

What is the concept of trishna in Buddhism?

Craving or attachment that leads to suffering.

What is the Great Compassionate Case in Buddhist ethics?

A dilemma where the Buddha, in a previous life as a ship captain, decides to kill a pirate to save his crew.

What does Buddhist ethics aim to reduce?

Suffering and negative karma.

What is the meaning of 'anatman' in Buddhism?

The concept of 'no self'; suggests there is no fixed self to act in one's interest.

What are the core virtues of Confucianism?

Ren (benevolence), Li (ritual propriety), and Yi (righteousness).

What does the term Junzi refer to in Confucian ethics?

The ideal person who is moral, cultivated, and balanced.

What is filial piety in Confucianism?

Deep respect and loyalty to one's parents.

What is the Mandate of Heaven in Confucianism?

The conditional right to rule derived from a ruler's virtue; if they become corrupt, they lose this mandate.

How does Confucianism view laws?

As tools for coordination that should minimally rely on external enforcement; it promotes internal virtue instead.

What does Dao mean in Daoism?

The Way; the underlying principle of the universe.

What is the key concept of Wu Wei in Daoism?

Non-action or non-striving; moving harmoniously with the flow of things.

How do Daoists view knowledge and certainty?

They are skeptical; knowledge is provisional and the world is fluid.

What is the significance of the ox butcher story in Daoism?

It illustrates effortless excellence achieved through deep learning and spontaneity.

What style of action does Daoism encourage?

Responsive action, suggesting slow, gentle influence rather than confrontation.

What is the critique of Confucian virtue in Daoism's Chapter 18?

When people start talking about virtue, it indicates that virtue is lost.