HOSA flashcards ig

Health

The balance of the person, both within one's being-physical, mental, and spiritual- and in the outside world -natural, communal, and metaphysical.

Illness

The imbalance of the person both within one's being-physical, mental, and spiritual- and in the outside world -natural, communal, and metaphysical.

Healing

The restoration of balance, both within one's being-physical, mental, and spiritual- and in the outside world -natural, communal, and metaphysical.

5 steps to cultural competence

1. Personal heritage (who are you) 2. Heritage of others- demographics 3. Health and health beliefs and practices 4. Healthcare culture and system 5. Traditional healthcare systems.

Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS)

A set of 15 standards created by the office of minority health in 1997 that most healthcare agencies must meet.

Culturally competent

Within the delivered care, the provider understands and attends to the total context of the patient's situation and this is a complex combination of knowledge, attitudes, and skills.

Culturally appropriate

The provider applies the underlying background knowledge that must be possessed to provide a patient with the best possible health.

Culturally sensitive

The provider possesses some basic knowledge and constructive attitude toward the health traditions observed among the diverse cultural groups found in the setting in which he or she is practicing.

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

The act that declared that all recipients of federal funding must take reasonable steps to provide meaningful access to people with limited English proficiency (LEP).

Official language of the US

English.

% of US residents over the age of 5 speak English at home

79.2%.

% of US residents over the age of 5 speak no English at all

9%.

Number of US residents who speak Spanish (over the age of 5)

37.5 million.

% of Spanish speaking residents over the age of 5 who speak no English at all

62.9%.

Heritage consistency

Degree to which a person's lifestyle reflects his or her traditional heritage.

Heritage Assessment Tool

The tool that has been developed to determine how deeply a given person identifies with a traditional heritage or is acculturated into the modern, dominant culture.

Components of Heritage Consistency

1. Socialization (extended family, where you grew up) 2. Culture (language, folkways) 3. Religion (Historic beliefs, and religious membership and participation) 4. Ethnicity (socializes with members of same ethnic group and participates in folkways).

Culture

Metacommunication system wherein not only the spoken words have meaning but everything else does as well.

Characteristics of culture

1. The medium of personhood and social relationships 2. A complex whole in which each part is related to another part 3. Learned by each person in a family and social community 4. Dependent on an underlying social matrix.

Ethnicity

Relating to large groups of people classed according to common racial, national, tribal, religious, linguistic, or cultural origin or background.

Ethnocentrism

1) Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group. 2) Overriding concern with race.

Xenophobia

A fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers.

Xenophobe

One unduly fearful of what is foreign and especially of people of foreign origin.

Number of ethnic groups of Native Americans

106.

Number of federally recognized Native American tribes

567.

Religion

The belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.

US rank in weekly church attendance

7th.

% of the US population that is Christian

70.6%.

% of the US population that is Jewish

1.9%.

% of the US population that is Buddhist

0.7%.

% of the US population that is Muslim

0.9%.

% of the US population that is religiously unaffiliated

22.8%.

Acculturation

The process of adapting to and becoming absorbed into the dominant culture (The process is involuntary).

Socialization

The process of being raised in a culture and acquiring the characterizations of that group (often occurs through schooling).

Time it takes to fully acculturate

3 generations.

Assimilation

Becoming in all ways like the members of the dominant culture.

Cultural conflicts

Events that occur when there is polarization between two

Rational folk medicine

The use of natural environment, herbs, plants, minerals, and animal substances to prevent and treat illness.

Magico-religious folk medicine

The use of charms, holy words, and holy actions to prevent and cure illness.

Purple foxglove

Contains the cardiotonic digitalis and is used to slow the heartrate.

Feverfew

Herb used to treat headaches.

Allopathy (Dualistic)

A system of medicine that embraces all methods of empirical science. Scientific methodology is used to prove the value in the treatment of diseases.

Homeopathic (Holistic)

Sees health as a balance of the physical, mental, and spiritual whole. Homeopathic treatments are often referred to as complimentary or alternative medicine and include practices such as acupuncture and massage therapy.

Alternative/Integrative therapies

Therapies that are not a part of one's ethnocultural background and are not widely taught in US medical schools or available at hospitals (homeopathic) (ex. A white person using acupuncture).

Traditional/Ethnocultural therapies

Therapies that are a part of one's ethnocultural background (homeopathic) (ex. A Chinese person using acupuncture).

Aromatherapy

An ancient science, presently popular, that uses essential plant oils to produce strong physical and emotional effects in the body.

Biofeedback

The use of an electronic machine to measure skin temperatures; the patient controls responses that are usually involuntary.

Hypnotherapy

The use of hypnosis to stimulate emotions and involuntary responses such as blood pressure.

Macrobiotics

Diet and lifestyle from the Far East adapted for the United States by Michio Kushif. The principles of this vegetarian diet consist of balancing yin and yang energies of food.

Massage therapy

The use of manipulative techniques to relieve pain and return energy to the body.

Reflexology

The natural science dealing with the reflex points in the hands and feet that correspond to every organ in the body. The goal is to clear the pathways and the flow of energy through the body.

Ayuvedic

4,000 year old method of healing which originated in India and is the most ancient existing medical system that uses diet, natural therapies, and herbs. Its chief aim is longevity and quality of life. It formed the foundation for Chinese medicine.

Cuanderismo

Traditional Mexican system of healthcare originating in Spain and derived from the traditional practices of indigenous Indian and Spanish Health practices.

Qi gong

Form of Chinese traditional medicine which combines movement, meditation, and regulation of breathing to enhance the flow of qi (vital energy) to improve circulation and enhance the immune system.

Reiki

A Japanese form of therapy which is based on the belief that when spiritual energy is channeled through a practitioner the patients spirit is healed which in turn heals the physical body.

Santeria

A syncretic religion composed of both African and Catholic beliefs that is practiced among Puerto Rican and Dominican individuals.

Voodoo

A religion that combines Christian and African Yoruba religious beliefs.

Origin of Homeopathic medicine

Created between 1790 and 1810 by Samuel C. Hahnemann in Germany.

Law of similars in homeopathy

A substance that is used to treat a certain set of symptoms is the same substance if given to a healthy person would cause the symptoms.

Osteopathy

Uniquely American branch of medicine created by Dr. Still in 1847. DO's in addition to using allopathic techniques to cure patients also perform manipulations of the bones, muscles, and joints as therapy.

Chiropractic

Treatment consisting of manipulation to eradicate subluxations in order to resume normal transmission of "mental impulses" between the brain and the body organs (often focused on around the spine).

Christian Science

Turn to the bible and pages of science and health for answers to humanities deepest questions (they are free to implement any form of therapy they feel comfortable with).

NCCIH- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health

Federal government agency in charge of scientific research on complementary and integrative health approaches.

Complimentary medicine

Term used to describe when a nonmainstream therapy is used in combination with a mainstream one (ex. taking a muscle relaxant and going to a chiropractor).

Alternative Medicine

When a nonmainstream practice is used in place of conventional medicine.

Integrative health

The process of incorporating complementary approaches towards medicine into mainstream healthcare.

1/3

What portion of Americans seek healthcare from a place outside of their doctor's office.

5%

What % of Americans use solely alternative medicine.

17.7%

What % of American

Asian people

More than half of all Asian people live in Hawaii, California, and Washington.

Asian populations

The three cities with the largest Asian populations are Honolulu, New York, and LA.

Chinese definition of health

Health in Chinese culture is defined as a state of spiritual and physical harmony with nature.

Taoism

Taoism teaches harmony between humans and nature, charity, happiness, and long life.

Five elements in Asia

The five elements in Asia are wood, fire, earth, metal, and water.

Buddhism

Buddhism teaches harmony/nonconfrontation, respect for life, moderation in behavior, self-discipline, patience, and humility.

Confucianism

Confucianism teaches the achievement of harmony through observing the five basic hierarchical roles and relationships of society.

Treating disease in Asia

The two main components in treating disease in Asia are considering local pathological changes in conjunction with other tissues and organs of the entire body, and recognizing the interrelation between the body and external environment.

Yang

Yang represents heaven, light, dynamic, and male forces that protect the body from outside sources.

Yin

Yin represents earth, darkness, static, and female forces that are vital strength of life.

Causes of illness in Asia

Asian people believe that illness is caused by an imbalance of yin and yang.

Yin body parts

Yin body parts include the inside of the body, the front of the body, and the fu structures such as the gallbladder, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, bladder, and "warmer."

Yang body parts

Yang body parts include the surface of the body, the back of the body, and the 5 ts'ang viscera such as the liver, heart, spleen, lungs, and kidney.

Depletion of yin forces

Yin forces are half depleted at 40 years old, resulting in lethargy, and fully depleted at 60 years old, leading to bodily deterioration.

Yin seasons

Winter and spring are considered yin seasons in Asia.

Yang seasons

Summer and fall are considered yang seasons in Asia.

Shen Nung

Shen Nung was a red emperor who performed 70 experiments by ingesting plants to find out their effects.

Nei Ching

Nei Ching is the book that holds the entirety of ancient Chinese medical knowledge.

Chinese view of the body

The Chinese view their body as a gift given by their parents, which they are responsible for taking care of.

Noble organs in China

The heart and liver are considered noble organs in China.

Fu

Fu refers to the five hollow organs in Chinese medicine.

Ts'ang

Ts'ang refers to the five solid organs in Chinese medicine that collect and store secretions.

Glossoscopy

Glossoscopy is the traditional Chinese medical way of diagnosing a health problem by examining the tongue.

Osphretics

Osphretics is the traditional Chinese medical way of diagnosing a health problem by listening and smelling.

Anamnesis

Anamnesis is the traditional Chinese medical way of diagnosing a health problem by asking questions.

Sphygmopalpation

Sphygmopalpation is the traditional Chinese medical way of diagnosing a health problem by palpating the pulse.

Pulse examination

Chinese physicians feel for the pulse using their three middle fingers.

Number of pulses in traditional Chinese medicine

There are six pulses in traditional Chinese medicine, three in each hand.

Characterizing a pulse

A pulse can be characterized in 15 different ways in traditional Chinese medicine, including seven piao or superficial and eight li or sunken.

Glososcopic examination

Over 100 conditions can be diagnosed with a glososcopic examination in traditional Chinese medicine.

Jade

Jade is a stone seen as the giver of children, immortality, wisdom, power, victory, growth, and food in China.