AP World History: Modern - Unit 3: Land Based Empires

Study for vocabulary & MCQ help!!!

Safavid

Safavid

Islamic gunpowder-based empire in Persia that ruled the region from the early 16th to the mid-18th century; fell due to internal strife, political instability, and pressures from Ottoman & Afghan invaders

Mughal

Gunpowder empire in South Asia led by Muslims that ruled over the mostly Hindu population with the goal of making Islam the main religion in the region; collapsed due to uprisings by oppressed religious groups, e.g., Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, and colonization by the British & French

Songhai

Islamic non-gunpowder-based empire in West Africa that expanded and controlled the trans-Saharan trade network, opening up trade exchange between many African cultures in the region and competing with the exploitation of African resources by foreign powers like the Portuguese

Machu

Led the gunpowder-based Qing Dynasty in China, bringing stability to the region; lost power in 1911 and was succeeded by the Republic of China

Ottomans

Ruled the Ottoman Empire, an Islamic gunpowder-based empire based in the city of Istanbul (formerly Constantinople)

Ottoman Devshirme

System used to enslave young Christian males ages 8-20 from the lands the Ottoman Empire conquered to fill roles in the Ottoman military and government

Salaried Samurai

Professional warriors in Japan during the Edo period (1603 to 1868) who received a fixed salary from their feudal lords, rather than relying on income from land ownership or battle

Qing

Last dynasty of China; led by the Manchu people

Bureaucracy

A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives

Tribute Collection

Allowed land-based empires to exert influence over conquered territories by requiring them to pay goods and resources; this arrangement not only generated revenue for the empire but also reinforced loyalty among tributary states

Tax Farming

A historical system of revenue collection where the government auctions the right to collect taxes to private individuals or companies, known as tax farmers

Protestant Reformation

A religious reform movement in Europe during the 1500s that led to the creation of the Protestant branch of Christianity, separating them from the pope and the rest of the Catholic Church

Sunni

Largest branch of Islam today; differs to Shi’a Islam in the sense of not believing that Muhammad explicitly named a successor

Shi’a

Also spelled as Shiite or Shia, it is a branch of Islam that believes that Muhammad had declared Hazrat Ali as his successor

Sikhism

A syncretic religion that began in India and combines elements of Hinduism & Sufi Islam.

Syncretic

Characterized or brought about by a combination of different forms of belief or practice