Civil Rights Movement and Social Changes in America

These flashcards cover terminology and events related to the Civil Rights Movement and social changes in America, focusing on significant figures, legislation, and movements.

Little Rock

The event when the Governor of Arkansas tried to prevent 9 African American children from attending school, leading Eisenhower to send in troops for protection.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A protest movement initiated by Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her bus seat, lasting 381 days and resulting in the Supreme Court ruling segregation on buses unconstitutional.

Selma March

Also known as Bloody Sunday, this was a march protesting the death of Jimmie Lee Jackson and the violence against peaceful demonstrators.

Brown vs. Board of Education

The 1954 Supreme Court decision that declared segregation in schools illegal.

Jackie Robinson

The first Black baseball player to break the color barrier in Major League Baseball in 1947.

Dixiecrats

Conservative Democrats who opposed civil rights after the Democratic Party split in 1948.

Warren Court

The Supreme Court led by Earl Warren from 1954 to 1969 known for progressive rulings in favor of civil rights.

Emmett Till

A 14-year-old African American boy who was lynched in Mississippi in 1955, highlighting racial violence.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

A civil rights organization co-founded by Martin Luther King Jr. advocating for nonviolent protest.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

A civil rights group focused on nonviolent protests and sit-ins to achieve civil rights.

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

An organization advocating for equal rights through nonviolent activism, known for the Freedom Rides.

March on Washington

A large civil rights rally in August 1963 where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech.

Civil Rights Act 1964

Legislation that outlawed segregation and discrimination in public places and the workplace.

The Feminine Mystique

A book by Betty Friedan published in 1963 highlighting women's dissatisfaction with domestic roles.

Voting Rights Act 1965

Legislation that guaranteed the right to vote for African Americans and aimed to enforce voting rights.

Black Power

A movement advocating for Black self-determination and pride, often associated with a more militant stance.

Black Panthers

A revolutionary organization established in 1966 focused on Black nationalism and self-defense against police brutality.

Malcolm X

A prominent civil rights leader advocating for Black nationalism and racial pride.

Glass Ceiling

The metaphor for the invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from reaching higher roles in workplaces.

NOW (National Organization for Women)

A feminist organization founded in 1966 to advocate for women's rights and to end sex discrimination.

Roe v. Wade

The Supreme Court case that ruled abortion was legal, eventually overturned by the Dobbs decision.

United Farm Workers (UFW)

A labor union co-founded by Cesar Chavez aimed at improving working conditions for farm workers.

American Indian Movement (AIM)

An advocacy group for Native American rights and self-determination, known for more militant actions.

Stonewall Riot

A series of protests against a police raid on a gay bar in 1969, considered the catalyst for the gay rights movement.

Affirmative Action

Policies designed to enhance opportunities for historically marginalized groups, controversial and ended in 2023.

Bakke v. California

A Supreme Court case addressing affirmative action policies in college admissions, ruling against quotas.