General Science

Troposphere

atmospheric layer with an approximate distance of about 8-17km from the Earth's surface

Troposphere

Atmospheric layer where life exists

Troposphere

It is where different weather conditions prevail

Stratosphere

It has an approximate distance of 17-50km from the Earth's surface

Stratosphere

It contains the ozone that serves as a protective shield again UV rays

Stratosphere

It is where jetstreams are found.

Mesosphere

Has an approximate distance of 50-85km from the Earth's surface

Mesosphere

It is the layer where meteroids that enter the Earth's atmosphere are burned.

Mesosphere

It is characterized by extremely low temperatures.

Thermosphere

Has an approximate distance of 85-600km from the Earth's surface

Thermosphere

The aurora usually occurs here.

Thermosphere

It is characterized by high temperature and large variability, in response to changes in solar ultraviolet radiation and solar-driven geomagnetic activity.

Ionosphere

This kayer contains ions that are used for radio communications.

Ionosphere

Has an approximate distance of 48-965km from the Earth's surface

Exosphere

Has an approximate distance of more than 600km from the Earth's surface

Exosphere

It is where satellites are found.

Thermopause

The boundary between the thermosphere and the exosphere

Nitrogen and Oxygen

Common gases found in the atmosphere

Nitrogen

most abundant gas in the atmosphere (78%)

Nitrogen

It is returned to the atmosphere through decomposition

Nitrates

Nitrogen in air reacts to chemicals to produce this, which is used by living things to manufacture proteins

Oxygen

It is required for combustion process

Oxygen

Used by living things for respiration

Atmosphere

Composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% others

Hydrosphere

Bodies of water formed by three states of matter and their distribution

Water Cycle

Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation

Lithosphere

consists of crust and upper mantle

Lithosphere

primarily made up of granite continental crust basalt oceanic crust and peridotite mantle

Minerals

building blocks of rocks

Minerals

naturally occurring, inorganic, definite range of chemical composition

Streak

color of fine powder

Luster

ability to reflect light

Cleavage

tendency to break along flat surfaces

Fracture

how a mineral breaks other than the cleavage point

Hardness

Resistance of mineral from scratching

Igneous rock

formed by the cooling and solidification of magma

Igneous rock

the most common types are granite and basalt

Granite

solidifies the earth's interior (rock)

Basalt

solidifies the earth's surface (rock)

Sedimentary rock

form through lithification of sediments (compaction and sedimentation)

Sedimentary rock

fossils are commonly found in _____.