Political Science Exam

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Political science midterm

38 Terms

1

micro level

individuals (me, you, Trump, Biden, any voter)

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2

middle range level

groups of individuals (groups of protestors, interest groups, political parties, fraternity)

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3

macro level

nation-states, groups of nation-states

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4

politics

the authoritative allocation of scarce resources and values that result from a struggle among competing actors

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5

authoritative

government or entity with decision making authority

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6

allocation

to give out, distribute

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7

scarce

not plentiful, limited

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8

resources

minerals, sea floor and fish, human resources, financial, strategic

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9

values

power, wealth, well-being, skill, enlightenment, respect, deference, affection

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10

power

actor a’s ability to get actor b to do that which actor b normally would not do DUE to threat of FORCE for noncompliance, the PERCEPTION of a threat of force or the USE of force for noncompliance

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11

influence

actor a’s ability to get actor b to THINK about doing that which actor b normally would not do (there is NO threat and NO use of force) conditions B’s behavior

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12

hard power

military power, force and use of forces

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13

soft power

a type of attraction to another actor due to its values, products, ethos; one wants to work with that one

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14

smart power

a combination of soft and hard power

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15

sharp power

manipulation of other power by using technology to sabotage

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16

zero sum game/fallacy of power

winner takes all/not true, it can be in proportions

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17

wealth=power (fallacy)

in reality, wealth is an asset that helps to “purchase” power but cannot sustain it

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18

knowledge=power (fallacy)

knowledge is an asset but cannot sustain power alone

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19

unipolar power

one power dominant (Currently United States)

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20

bipolar power

two powers equal (US and USSR during Cold War)

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21

multipolar

more than two powers (WW1 and WW2 led to world wars due to alliances being unstable)

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22

authority

rests in an institution, not a person. a person is delegated authority (person only has authority while occupying that institutional position)

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23

traditional authority

divine right of kings, god talked to kings

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24

charismatic authority

due to military prowess (napoleon)

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25

legal-rational authority

due to elections, appointment according to laws, arrived at using reason rather than emotion or blind allegiance

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26

nation

PEOPLE who share common history, experience, often but not always language, religion, values, and traditions

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27

state

territory that is recognized by U.N., monopoly on the means of force, possession of sovereignty

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28

nation-state

people have a state

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29

the state has the ability to:

make laws, change laws, enforce laws

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30

Plato said…

state is a reflection of the individuals who make it up; good state=if good people run it

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31

Aristotle said…

people are by nature political and social animals

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32

Plato and Aristotle said…

the state is natural and organic, evolves from nature

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33

family

biological urge

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34

village

social urge

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35

city-state

ethical or moral urge

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36

Who wrote “The Republic”

Plato

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37

Who wrote “The Politics

Aristotle

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38

the social contract (John Locke)

John Locke- humans are by nature neither good nor bad but rational-have reason so they agree to contract that is minimalist

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