Studied by 12 people
Anterior
front of the body
superior
toward the head
inferior
Lower on the body, farther from the head
proximal
Closer to the point of attachment
distal
away from the point of attachment
medial
Toward the midline of the body
superficial
near the surface
deep
Away from the body surface; more internal
sagittal plane
divides the body into left and right portions
transverse plane
horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
frontal/coronal plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
posterior
toward the back
axillary
armpit region
femoral
thigh region
gluteal
buttock region
cervical
neck region
umbilical
belly button region
buccal
cheek area
arrect
root word meaning upright
derm
root word meaning skin
epi
root word meaning upon
fract
root word meaning break
melan
root word meaning black
myo
root word meaning muscle
ology
root word meaning study of
strat
root word meaning layer
integumentary system
body system that protects underlying organs and synthesizes vitamin D
cardiovascular system
Body system that transports oxygen and nutrients to the body; composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
skeletal system
Body system that provides support and levers on which the muscular system can act
endocrine system
Body system that uses hormones to regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.
epidermis
outermost layer of skin
dermis
Inner layer of skin
thick skin
Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, has 5 layers in the epidermis
thin skin
Covers most of the body, has 4 layers in the epidermis
stratum lucidum
epidermal layer found only in thick skin
sebaceous glands
technical term for oil glands
arrector pili muscle
Causes hair to stand on end and goose bumps to appear
appocrine glands
type of sweat glands located under the arms, in the genitals and the nipples.
eccrine glands
type of sweat glands; found over most of the body
first degree burn
A mild burn characterized by heat, pain, and reddening of the burned surface but not exhibiting blistering or charring of tissues.
second degree burn
A burn marked by pain, blistering, and superficial destruction of dermis
third degree burn
Severe burn characterized by destruction of the skin through the depth of the dermis and possibly into underlying tissues, loss of fluid, and sometimes shock.
saddle joint
type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation
ball and socket joint
hip and shoulder joints
hinge joint
elbow and knee joints
long bone
femur and phalanges (shape)
flat bone
sternum and ribs (shape)
irregular bone
vertebrae (shape)
short bone
carpals and tarsals (shape)
epiphysial plate
the growth area of a long bone
epiphyseal line
remnant of the epiphyseal plate, seen in adult bones
spongy bone
contains red bone marrow
spiral fracture
break common in sports
greenstick fracture
incomplete break, common in children
foramen
hole in a bone
process
prominent projection on a bone (something that sticks out)
fossa
shallow depression
flexion
Decreases the angle of a joint
extension
increases the angle of a joint
pronation
turning the palm downward
supination
turning the palm upward
abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
plantar flexion
bends the foot downward at the ankle
Dorsoflexion
bends the foot upward at the ankle
occipital bone
bone containing the foramen magnum
coronal suture
connects frontal and parietal bones
squamous suture
Between parietal and temporal bones
saggital suture
separates the left and right parietal bone
cervical vertebrae
neck bones
thoracic vertebrae
vertebrae attached to ribs
lumbar vertebrae
lower back vertebrae
sacrum
Fused vertebrae in the back of the pelvis
coccyx
tailbone
7
number of cervical vertebrae
12
number of thoracic vertebrae
5
number of lumbar vertebrae
costal cartilage
Attaches ribs to sternum
manubrium
upper portion of the sternum
body
middle of sternum
xiphoid process
inferior portion of the sternum
axis
C2 bone; allows one to pivot neck
atlas
C1 bone; allows one to nod
occipital condyles
part of the skull that articulates with the atlas
male pelvic girdle
tall and narrow, pubic arch 50-60 degrees
female pelvic girdle
wide and shallow, pubic arch of 80-90 degrees
radius
lateral bone of the forearm
ulna
medial bone of the forearm
lateral malleolus
bump on distal end of fibula
medial malleolus
bump on distal end of tibia
pectoral girdle
clavicle and scapula
pelvic girdle
ilium, ischium, pubis
sarcomere
contractile unit of a muscle fiber
muscle tone
state of partial contraction
isotonic contraction
muscles contract and shorten
isometric contraction
muscle tenses but does not shorten
muscle fatigue
inability of a muscle to contract
muscle fiber
technical term for a muscle cell
prime mover
muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement
antagonist
muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover
