NR 220 Watershed Equipment ID

Belfort or universal gauge

-measures rain and snow

-can also add an alter shield which allows the gauge to collect more precip/reduce under catch bias

-units: mm or inches

All Weather Gauge

-measures rain and snow

-units: mm or inches

Tipping Bucket

-measures rate/intensity of RAIN only

-units: mm/hr

Canometer

-collects liquid and solid price

-use to estimate evaporation

-units: mm or inches

Hail Board

-12x12 piece of styrofoam covered with aluminum foil

-after hail events, is sent to Colorado Climate Center - record size and number of indentations

-units: counts and diameter of dents

Ultra Sonic Depth Sensor

-measures snow depth

-soundwave sent from sensor, reflects off ground/snow - sensor measures travel time for sound wave adjusted for air temp

-units: depth in mm or inches

Anemometer

-this piece with cups measures wind speed

-this piece with fan and tail measures windspeed AND direction

-units: m/s or ft/s and/or degrees clockwise from North

(image shows one with a cup)

Thermistor

-measures temperature and humidity

-can cover with a radiation shield (beehive shaped)

-units: degrees F or C

Pyranometer

-measures incoming or outgoing solar radiation

-one facing down and one facing up can be used to measure albedo (reflectivity)

-units: Watts

-Albedo: unitless

Barometer

-measures atmospheric pressure

-units: Bars, mm/hg, hPa

Ring Infiltrometer

-measures the rate at which water infiltrates the soil

-rate calculated at various time steps using a ruler for depth and stopwatch for time

-units: a rate in mm/sec

TDR Probe

-measures soil moisture

-probe inserted in the soil, electricity travels from one arm to the other, the time it takes is directly related to soil water content

-calibrations must be made for soil types

-units: %

Pygmy Current Meter

-attaches to a wading rod, rotations per unit time convert to velocity

-wading rod: units = mm or inches

-head rod: units = depth in mm or calculate m^3/s

-units: counts, converted to m/s or ft/s used to calculate m^3/s or ft^3/s with cross-sectional area

Parshall Flume

-measures streamflow through a known cross sectional area and water depth

-units: m^3/s or ft^3/s

Staff Gauge

-measures water depth

-the discharge that corresponds to various depths is calculated using a stage-discharge relation graph

-units: depth in mm, cm, inches, or ft

converts to discharge in m^3/s or ft^3/s using a stage/discharge formula or graph