Main Tenets of Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism as Chinese Philosophical Belief Systems

Who founded Confucianism?

Confucius (Kong Fuzi)

What does Confucianism emphasize?

moral integrity and the importance of social harmony

What are the main tenets of Confucianism? 

Ren, Li, Xiao, and Zhong

Ren

virtue of benevolence and compassion towards others 

Li

practice of proper conduct, rituals, and manners in social interactions 

Xiao

filial piety, emphasizing respect and duty towards one’s parents and ancestors

Zhong

loyalty to one’s country and community

Daoism

focuses on living in harmony with “the way,” and encourages individuals to seek balance and harmony in their lives

Key principles of Daoism include…

Wu Wei, Simplicity, Naturalism, and Yin and Yang

Wu Wei

concept of “non-action” or “effortless action,” encouraging individuals to align with the natural flow of life

Simplicity

advocating for a simple, humble lifestyle free from unnecessary desires

Naturalism 

emphasizing the importance of nature and the belief that humans should learn from the natural world

Yin and Yang

balance of opposites, representing the interconnectedness and interdependence of all things  

Legalism

a pragmatic philosophy that emphasizes strict laws and governance 

What are the three central tenets of Legalism?

Rule by Law, Human Nature, Centralization of Power, and Meritocracy

Rule by Law

laws are paramount, and rulers must enforce them to maintain order and control

Human Nature

legalism posits that humans are inherently selfish and require strict discipline to behave appropriately 

Centralization of Power

advocating for a strong, centralized gov

Meritocracy 

promoting individuals based on their abilities and contributions to the state rather than their social status 

Who founded/contributed to Legalism?

Han Feizi

Who founded Daoism?

Laozi