Lecture 3: Intro to Molecular Biology

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18 Terms

1
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What are the four macromolecules that make up life?

Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.

2
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What is the basic unit of a carbohydrate?

Sugar.

3
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What is the basic unit of a lipid?

Fatty acid.

4
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What is the basic unit of a nucleic acid?

Nucleotide.

5
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What is the basic unit of a protein?

Amino acid.

6
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How many essential amino acids must be obtained through nutrition?

Nine essential amino acids.

7
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What distinguishes DNA from RNA?

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

8
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Which two elements are unique to nucleic acids compared to carbohydrates and lipids?

Nitrogen and phosphorus.

9
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What experiment demonstrated that DNA is the heritable material?

The Hershey-Chase experiment.

10
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What is the 'central dogma' of molecular biology?

DNA -> RNA -> Protein.

11
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What type of bond forms to help hold the three-dimensional shape of a protein together?

Disulfide bonds.

12
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What are viruses that infect bacteria called?

Bacteriophages.

13
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What is the purpose of cloning and using restriction enzymes in biotechnology?

To insert specific genes into bacteria for mass production.

14
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Which atoms are the building blocks of all macromolecules of life?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

15
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What important role do carbohydrates play in cells?

They provide energy and structure to cells.

16
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What happens when lipids are used to store energy?

They store energy as fats in the body.

17
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What defines life according to the lecture?

Life is defined as the ability to grow, consume nourishment, change that nourishment, and adapt to the environment.

18
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What is an example of how organisms adapt to their environment mentioned in the lecture?

Snowshoe hares have adaptations in their feet and coloring to blend into snowy environments.