BJU 6th edition Physical Science chapter 10

acids

substances that produce hydrogen ions in a solution with water

hydrogen ion=_____________

proton

aqueous solution

water-based solvent

hydronium ions

In water, the hydrogen ions combine with water molecules to form ________________________.

the more hydronium ions in a substance the more _____ the substance is.

acidic

Acids can...

chemically react with metals in a single-replacement reaction

T/F: Pure water conducts electricity

False

1 multiple choice option

T/F: Ions dissolved in water conduct electricity

true

1 multiple choice option

indicator

a substance that will change color in the presence of an acid or a base

litmus

a kind of dye

Characteristics of a base

-proton acceptors

-slippery feel

-conductivity

-color change with indicators

-bitter taste

bases are substances that produce

Hydroxide ions (OH-) in an aqueous solution

hydroxide ions can

accept the positive ions of an acid to make water

Bases feel

slippery like soap

Bases turn

red litmus paper blue

1 multiple choice option

A bitter taste indicates the presence of a ______

base

1 multiple choice option

Examples of a bitter taste

caffeine, unsweetened chocolate

What determines the strength of an acid?

how easily it loses hydrogen ions

If all or most of the molecules in an acid will ionize in water, then the acid will produce many hydrogen ions in solution and be called a ____________.

strong acid

most of the molecules in __________ do not ionize in water, so fewer hydrogen ions are produced

weak acids

the more ions an acid produces in solution, the more________ it is

reactive

strong bases

include those that readily dissociate, producing large numbers of hydroxide ions

common in base's formulas

OH

Weak bases

produce hydroxide ions by ionizing in a reaction with water

concentration

the amount of solute per unit of solution

concentration is measured

on a pH scale

the pH of a substance

is a unitless number between 0 and 14 that tells how acidic or basic a substance is

pH value is determined by

the abundance of hydrogen ions that are produced in a solution of the substance

A an acid with a pH of 1 has _____ times as many hydrogen ions as an acid with a pH of 2

10

Buffers

weak acids and bases in solution that respond to added acid or base to maintain an almost constant pH

Example of a buffered system

our blood

salts

electrically neutral, ionic compounds formed by a combination of cations and anions

binary salts

metal(cation) + nonmetal(anion)

Magnesium Sulfate

Epsom salt

Ammonium Dichromate

used this alt in a process called gum bichromate photography

calcium carbonate

the main component of pearls and seashells

calcium carbonate in the form of limestone

stone structures and to make concrete

malachite green

a member of a large group of salts called triarylmethane dyes

malachite is used

to treat fungal diseases in aquarium fish

neutralization reaction

the chemical reaction of an acid with a base

neutralization

A double-replacement reaction that generally produces a salt and a water

acid + base =

salt + water

one way to treat too much stomach acid

antacid, a base compound used to relieve the symptoms of indigestion

proton pump inhibitors

transports H+ ions formed from water molecules within the cells that line the stomach into tiny ducts in the stomach wall

stomach acid can cause

a very deadly kind of cancer