Chapter 14 review

Pineal gland

Located behind the midbrain, secretes melatonin.

Pituitary

Also known as hypophysis.

Striae

stretch marks

Amenorrhea

the absence of menstrual periods; no menses 

acromegaly= extremity enlargement (from hyperpituitarism)

chronic, disfiguring disease that usually shortens life expectancy/often leads to congestive heart failure, respiratory and cerebrovascular diseases

Gestational diabetes occurs

during pregnancy

Conn’s syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)

From overproduction of aldosterone, most often due to an adrenal cortex tumor. Symptoms include hypokalemia (low potassium levels), alkalosis (increased blood pH), and hypertension.

Polydipsia

Excessive thirst.

Polyuria

Excessive urination.

HbA1C

Abbreviation for glycosylated hemoglobin.

Decreased secretions of thyroid and pancreatic hormones cause

digestion and metabolism problems in the elderly

Adrenal glands

Also known as suprarenals, located on top of the kidneys.

Oxytocin

Hormone that facilitates labor and causes uterine contractions.

Insulin

Hormone important for metabolizing glucose (insulin assists in moving sugar out of the blood and into the tissues)

Type 1 diabetes

chronic disease affecting carbohydrate, or sugar, metabolism due to inadequate production of insulin by the pancreatic islets of Langerhans (in the pancreas)

Exophthalmos

Abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs.

Pancreas

Acts as both an exocrine and endocrine gland.

Exocrine gland

Secretes digestive juices.

Endocrine gland

secretes two hormones, insulin and glucagon, directly into the blood

Insulin

lowers blood sugar

Glucagon

raises blood sugar

Cortisone

Has anti-inflammatory properties.

Androgenital syndrome

Also known as adrenal virilism.