Nutrition Review Flashcards

A collection of flashcards summarizing key concepts related to nutrition from the lecture notes.

What is the definition of nutrition?

The body’s intake and use of adequate amounts of necessary nutrients for tissue growth and energy production.

What are macronutrients?

Nutrients needed in large amounts, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water.

What is the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

The minimum amount of energy required to maintain body functions in the resting, awake state.

What are the four types of fat?

Saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fatty acids.

What is the difference between complete and incomplete proteins?

Complete proteins contain all essential amino acids; incomplete proteins lack one or more essential amino acids.

What are fat-soluble vitamins?

Vitamins A, D, E, and K that dissolve in fats and are stored in the body.

What function does Vitamin C serve?

Promotes iron absorption, wound healing, bone formation, and immune function.

What are the daily requirements of macrominerals?

Exceeds 100 mg.

What is a symptom of malnutrition?

Lack of just one vitamin can cause an individual to be malnourished.

What is the significance of the MyPlate guide?

It is intended for healthy people to promote healthy eating patterns across all food groups.

What are the primary causes of altered nutritional status?

Imbalance of nutrients, excessive dietary intake, or deficiencies.

What are enteral feedings?

Nutritional support provided through the gastrointestinal system when oral intake is not possible.

What is Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)?

Nutrition delivered directly into the bloodstream, used for patients without functional GI tracts.

What indicator is used to evaluate malnutrition in laboratory studies?

Prealbumin levels are valuable for determining recent nutritional status.

What is the role of antioxidants?

They may protect body cells against the effects of free radicals.

What dietary assessment method involves asking about food intake over the previous 24 hours?

24-hour recall.