Forensic Science Exam

The ____ system is responsible for ensuring that blood reaches all parts of the body.

circulatory

Do people have an open or closed circulatory system?

Closed

Which side of the heart pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs?

Right side

These .................... are responsible for the pulse you feel when you press your fingers to your wrist or neck.

Arteries

On average, blood accounts for .........% of totally body weight in humans.

8.0

You are processing a crime scene in which there is no body, but there is a pool of approximately 4.5L of blood that appears to come from a single source. What inferences might you make about the source of the blood?

They are injured

............ .................. is a yellowish liquid that account for 55% of the volume of blood in the body.

Blood plasma

What is the common name for erythrocytes? (3 words)

Red blood cells

Erythrocytes are produced in the ............. ..................., particularly in the short bones, the flat and irregular bones, and the ends of the long bones.

Bone marrow

The process of blood cell development is known as ____?

Hematopoiesis

What is the average erythrocyte lifespan?

4 months

The red color of an erythrocyte is due to what?

hemoglobin

What might be a reasonable conclusion to draw from examining blood that has a high red blood cell count?

They live in the mountains

What is the common name for leukocytes? (3 words)

White blood cells

Leukocytes are the only cells in the blood stream that have a ................... and ribosomes.

Nucleus

................ are cells which aid in blood clotting and the repair of damaged blood vessels, and are produced in bone marrow along with the other cells.

Platelets

Platelets are useful for DNA testing.

False

In the presence of blood, what color does the Adler test turn initially?

Blue

What are some of the drawbacks to using hydrogen peroxide as a presumptive test for blood?

It destroys the sample and it can react with many things other than blood

What color does the phenolphthlein test turn in the presence of hemoglobin?

Pink

The Leucomalachite green test works a lot like which test?

Kastle-Meyer test

The species test relies on the .......................... interaction.

antigen-antibody

An antibody, also known as an .................................., is a y-shaped protein produced by plasma cells.

immunoglobulin

In the Takayama test, the pyridine reacts with the hemoglobin forming ........................ crystals.

hemochromogen

Anti-A attacks which antigen? Answer with only the letter.

A

Who wrote the first published work about blood spatter was entitled "Concerning the Origin, Shape, Direction and Distribution of the Bloodstains Following Head Wounds Caused by Blows"?

Dr. Eduard Piotrowski

The most common fluid found at a crime scene is ___

Blood

The major break through of Dr. Balthazard's work was the calculation of angle of impact as a function of the length and ......... of the blood drop.

Width

What court case made blood spatter analysis a recognized forensic discipline?

State of Ohio v. Samuel Sheppard

Blood spatter analysis was recognized as a forensic discipline in what year?

1955

____ is known as the Sherlock Holmes of bloodstain evidence.

Herbert Leon McDonnell

When dropping through the air, a blood drop is ____ in shape.

Spherical

Blood spatter analysis can tell us everything except:

Who the blood belonged to

The surface tension of blood is slightly ....... than that of water.

Less

The faster a drop of blood was moving , the ____ the diameter of the stain.

Larger

Due to air resistance, speed maxes out at distances above .......... feet. (spell out the number)

seven

A ............ is an extension of the blood that is attached to the main droplet.

spike

A ............. is an extra tiny drop of blood that is not attached to the main droplet.

Satellite

A ........ .......... is formed when blood drops at a 90 degree angle due to gravity acting on the blood drop.

passive fall

A ............ pattern is the transfer of blood from a moving source onto an unstained surface.

Swipe

If it travels between 25-100 feet per second, it’s considered ............ velocity blood spatter

Medium

Cast off is considered ........ velocity blood spatter.

low

You are likely to find blood on a perpetrator as a result of a high velocity spatter phenomenon called

Back spatter

The decomposition of ........... is responsible for the color change we see in aged blood stains.

hemoglobin

What culture holds the honor of being the first known culture to use such impressions as identification?

Chinese

The oldest known friction ridge skin impressions in history date back approximately ____ years

6,000

William James Herschel is the first credited European to recognize the value of fingerprints as a means of ............. .....................

personal identification

What book did William James Herschel publish in 1916?

The Origin of Fingerprinting

​Sir Francis Galton is credited with developing the first ............................ ............... for fingerprints.

classification system

What book is still considered a primary reference for fingerprint classification and practitioners?

Finger Prints

Vucetich is considered the western hemisphere's fingerprint ...................

Pioneer

Juan Vucetich solved the first homicide in Argentina when the perpetrator left a fingerprint in ..................

blood

In 1902, the first ............... use of fingerprints in the United States was accomplished by Dr. Henry P. de Forest.

Systematic

Who instituted the routine fingerprinting of known criminals to ensure that the criminal himself carried out the jail sentence, rather than someone hired to serve the time?

William James Herschel

The three basic forms of fingerprint patterns are…

Whorl, loop, and arch

What year did fingerprint records from the bureau of investigation and Leavenworth federal penitentiary in Kansas merge to form records for the new FBI?

1924

What is the name of the court case where fingerprint expert testimony was used for the first time?

People v. Jennings

The acronym AFIS stands for

Automated Fingerprint Identification System

In the year ___, American police began to receive training on fingerprint techniques from Scotland Yard representatives.

1904

The court case ____ v ____ is considered to be the first conviction obtained with fingerprint evidence alone in the United States.

People v Crispi

Fingerprints were recently challenged under ____ guidelines in the year ___

Daubert, 1998

As far as we know, the only people who share identical fingerprints are identical twins.

False

What type of skin covers the fingers, palms, and feet?

friction ridge skin

Fingerprints are completely formed by ......... weeks of development.

16

A fingerprint is made of two major parts: the ridge or hill, which is the raised portion of the print, and the ............ or groove, which is the indented portion of the print.

Valley

What is the only appendage of the friction ridge skin?

Sweat gland

At what points in the development of a fetus do fingerprints begin to form?

12 weeks

The three layers of the skin, starting from the most external, are the….

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

60% of people have this type of fingerprint

Loop

Loops have how many deltas?

1.0

What defines the individuality of a fingerprint?

minutiae

The average print has .......... minutiae.

150

All minutiae must match in order to individualize a print.

False

The .................. is the surface on which the print is located.

Substrate

The ............... is the substance that is transferred to the substrate in order to form the print.

Matrix

The goal of taking prints is an .................. record of all friction ridge skin: including the fingers, palms, feet, joints, etc.

accurate

What is one of the drawbacks to using amido black to develop prints?

It can only be used once, so you only have one chance to develop the print properly

Using cyanoacrylate (superglue) fumes to develop latent fingerprints was started by ____ investigators in the 1970s.

Japan

AFIS is so accurate in fingerprint matching there is no need for a human expert to examine potential matches generated by the system.

False