Microorganisms: Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, Protists, Viruses

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28 Terms

1

Rhizobium

Involved in nitrogen fixation in symbiosis with plants.

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2

Azotobacter

A free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium in soil.

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3

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Used in nitrate reduction and glycolysis pathways; also a facultative anaerobe.

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4

Paracoccus denitrificans

Involved in denitrification (reduces nitrate to nitrogen gas).

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5

Shewanella

Transfers electrons extracellularly to metals.

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6

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Iron-oxidizing bacterium, oxidizes iron using oxygen as an electron acceptor.

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7

Nitrosomonas

Converts ammonia to nitrite in nitrification.

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8

Nitrobacter

Converts nitrite to nitrate in nitrification.

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9

Bacillus

Naturally competent bacterium for horizontal gene transfer.

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10

Streptococcus

Naturally competent bacterium for transformation.

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11

Neisseria

A gram-negative bacterium known for natural competence in gene transfer.

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12

Haemophilus

Another naturally competent gram-negative bacterium.

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13

Actinomyces odontolyticus

Supports ultrasmall bacteria in human mouth.

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14

Candidatus Saccharibacteria

An obligate parasite of Actinomyces odontolyticus.

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15

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Causes crown gall disease in plants; has a tumor-inducing plasmid (Ti).

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16

Methanogens

Generate methane gas and live in extreme environments.

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17

Candida auris

A multidrug-resistant yeast.

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18

Various Mycorrhizal fungi

Symbiotic fungi that assist plant roots in nutrient absorption.

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19

Rusts, Powdery Mildews, and Smuts

Pathogenic fungi that cause plant diseases.

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20

Diatoms

Photosynthetic protists with silica-based cell walls.

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21

Dinoflagellates

Photosynthetic protists involved in algal blooms.

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22

Green algae

Photosynthetic protists involved in primary plastid evolution.

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23

Red algae

Another group involved in plastid evolution.

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24

Hydrogenosome-bearing protists

Have specialized organelles for anaerobic energy metabolism.

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25

Bacteriophages

Viruses that infect bacteria.

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26

SARS-CoV-2

The virus responsible for COVID-19.

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27

Influenza virus

Demonstrated in viral budding and replication processes.

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28

Phages in Phage Therapy

Used to treat bacterial infections resistant to antibiotics.

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