Experimental Design & Biology Concepts

These flashcards cover key concepts and terminology related to Experimental Design, Statistics, and Biology as per the lecture notes.

Alternate hypothesis

States there is a significant effect or difference.

Bar graph

Compares categorical data.

Box & whiskers plot

Shows distribution including median, quartiles, and range.

Controlled experiment

An experiment in which only one variable is manipulated.

Dependent variable

The measured outcome of an experiment.

Independent variable

The variable that is manipulated in an experiment.

Null hypothesis

States that there is no significant difference.

Qualitative data

Descriptive, non-numerical data.

Quantitative data

Numerical data.

Acid

Substance that releases H⁺ ions.

ATP

Energy currency of the cell.

Biochemistry

The chemistry of living organisms.

Covalent bond

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons.

Enzyme

A biological catalyst that speeds up reactions.

Endocytosis

Transport of material into a cell via vesicles.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions.

Mitochondria

Organelles that produce ATP through cellular respiration.

Natural selection

The process whereby individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Speciation

The formation of new and distinct species.

Photosynthesis

The process by which light is converted into chemical energy.

Adaptive trait

A characteristic that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce.

Allele frequency

The proportion of a specific allele among all allele copies in a population.