Studied by 13 people
All the reactants, conditions and reagents, in organic chemistry.
Cracking: process
breakdown of larger hydrocarbons into smaller, more usable ones
hydrogen + alkene: product
alkane
alkene + steam: product
product: alcohol
alkene + hydrogen halide (g): product
product: major and minor haloalkane based on Markovnikov’s Rule
alkene + halogen: product
product: dihaloalkane
alkene + cold, dilute acidified KMnO₄: product
diol (double bond will break)
alkene with non-hydrogen R groups + hot, concentrated, acidifed KMnO₄: product
ketone
alkene with carbon atom with hydrogen and different R group + hot, concentrated, acidified KMnO₄: product
aldehyde further oxidized to carboxylic acid when heated under reflux
alkene with carbon bonded to two hydrogen atoms + hot, concentrated, acidified KMnO₄: product
carbon dioxide + water
Elimination of HX from halogenoalkane: product
alkene
dehydration of alcohol
product: alkene
alcohol to halogenoalkane: process
reaction: substitution
halogenoalkane + NaOH (aq)
product: alcohol
halogenoalkane + KCN (ethanolic): product
product: nitrile
halogenoalkane + NH₃ (ammonia) in ethanol: product
product: amine
halogenoalkane + silver nitrate (aq) (ethanolic): product
product: alcohol + hydrogen halide
NaOH (ethanolic) + halogenoalkane: products
product: alkene + water + hydrogen halide
Sn1 reaction
secondary and tertiary halogenoalkanes
Sn2 reaction
primary and secondary halogenoalkanes
reduction of an aldehyde: product
primary alcohol
reduction of a ketone: product
secondary alcohol
positive result in iodoform test
yellow precipitate of tri-iodomethane formed with the methyl hydroxyl group
reduction of carboxylic acid: product
primary alcohol
hydrolysis of an ester: products
product: carboxylic acid + alcohol
oxidation of primary alcohols: product
product: aldehydes with distillation
oxidation of secondary alcohols: product
product: ketones with distillation
aldehydes with Tollens’ reagent
oxidized to produce silver mirror
ketones with Tollens’ reagent
no change
aldehydes with Fehling’s reagent
blue to red solution (oxidized)
ketone with Fehling’s reagent
solution remains blue (no visible change)
ketone and aldehydes with 2,4-DNPH
red precipitate
aldehydes or ketones + HCN: product
product: hydroxy nitrile
hydrolysis of nitriles: product
product: carboxylic acid
cracking: reagent
Al₂O₃
cracking: condition
heat at high temperature
hydrogen + alkene: process
hydrogenation and electrophilic addition
hydrogen + alkene: reagent and condition
reagent: Ni/Pt catalyst
condition: heat
alkene + steam: process
electrophilic addition
alkene + steam: reagent
H₃PO₄ (phosphoric acid) catalyst
alkene + hydrogen halide (g): process
electrophilic addition
alkene + hydrogen halide (g): condition
room temperature
alkene + halogen: process
electrophilic addition
Elimination of HX from halogenoalkane: reagent and condition
ethanolic NaOH and heat
dehydration of an alcohol: reagent
heated catalyst (Al₂O₃) or concentrated acid
dehydration of an alcohol: process
condenstation
alcohol to halogenoalkane: reagents
reagents: HX or KBr with H₂SO₄ or H₃PO₄; or PCl₃ and heat; or PCl₅; or SOCl₂
halogenoalkane + NaOH (aq): process
nucleophilic substitution
halogenoalkane + KCN (ethanolic): process
nucleophilic substitution
halogenoalkane + KCN (ethanolic): condition
heat under reflux
halogenoalkane + NH₃ (ammonia) in ethanol: process
nucleophilic substitution
halogenoalkane + NH₃ (ammonia) in ethanol: condition
heat under pressure
halogenoalkane + silver nitrate (aq) (ethanolic): process
nucleophilic substitution
NaOH (ethanolic) + halogenoalkane: process
elimination
NaOH (ethanolic) + halogenoalkane: condition
heat
reduction of an aldehyde: reagent
reagent: NaBH₄ or LiAlH₄
reduction of an ketone: reagent
reagent: NaBH₄ or LiAlH₄
reduction of carboxylic acid: reagent
LiAlH₄
hydrolysis of an ester: reagents and conditions
dilute acid or alkali and heat
oxidation of primary alcohols: reagents
reagent: acidified potassium dichromate or acidified potassium manganate (VII)
oxidation of secondary alcohols: reagents
reagent: acidified potassium dichromate or acidified potassium manganate (VII)
aldehydes or ketones + HCN: reagent and conditions
reagent: KCN catalyst
condition: heat under reflux
hydrolysis of nitriles: reagent
reagent: dilute acid or dilute alkali followed by acidification
Note
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