Basic Concepts of Computing

Flashcards in FILL_IN_THE_BLANK style based on the provided lecture notes.

_is the combination of computer-based technologies with communication technologies.

Information Communication Technologies (ICT)

An _ is any hardware or peripheral device that allows you to enter data into a computer or interact with a computer.

input device

A _ is a hardware device that is used for storing data.

storage device

_ is a hardware device that allows information and data to be temporarily stored and retrieved on a computer while it is on.

Random-access memory (RAM)

A _ receives the data, performs a set of instructions, and then returns the processed data to the RAM.

processing device

An _ formats and presents data in a form understandable to a user.

output device

A _ is a hardware device capable of transmitting a signal over a wire or wireless connection.

communication device

An _ refers to the overall set-up, consisting of hardware, software, data and its users.

ICT system

_ refers to technologies that capture, transmit and display data and information electronically and includes all devices, applications and networking elements that allow people to connect in a digital world.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

_ is the development, maintenance and use of computer systems, software, and networks for processing and communicating data.

Information technology (IT)

The general model of a computer consists of four functions:, , and .

Input, Storage, Processing, Output

_ is often called IPOS or input, process, output, storage.

IPO

_ is called data and the output obtained after processing it, is called information.

Computer Input

_ are interdependent, meaning that one will not function without the other.

Hardware and Software

_ consists of the physical components of a computer, also referred to as the equipment of a computer.

Hardware

and refers to the programs used to direct the operation of a computer.

Application software (Apps), System software (Operating System)

_ are any hardware devices that allows you to input data into a computer or interact with a computer.

Input devices

A _ allows you to store data for later use.

storage device

_ refers to a fast, temporary form of storage.

Random-access memory (RAM)

_ receive the data from the RAM, perform sets of instructions, and returns the processed data to the RAM.

Processing devices

The _ is responsible for processing general instructions.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The _ is responsible for processing the instructions that create the pictures on your screen.

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

_ are devices that return the computer’s instructions, as results, to the user.

Output devices

A _ is a hardware device capable of transmitting an analog or digital signal over a wired or wireless connection.

communication device

_ refers to the set of instructions a computer uses to complete any instructed task.

Software

_ manages the flow of data and the information contained on the computer.

System software

The _ is the most important type of system software.

operating system (OS)

_ is a program that is built for a specific purpose, like sending a message, browsing the internet, or typing a document.

Application software

When multiple applications are packaged together it is called an _.

application suite

_ is copyright software distributed free of charge, but after a trial period it notifies the user that they might need to pay for the program if they want to keep it.

Shareware

_ is available to you, free of charge. However, the developers or company that distributes the software keeps the rights to the software.

Freeware software

_ has a source code that is available to the public or anyone that wants to use it. It also allows the user to change or modify the code itself if need be.

Open source software

In _, the source code is not given to the public or the user. It still belongs to the distributor or developer, even if you have bought the program.

Proprietary software

_ compute a range of tasks but lack super speed and efficiency.

General-purpose computers

_ handle a specific problem or task. It uses a high level of accuracy and processing power.

Specific purpose computers

_ are extremely expensive, and the applications are for specialised activities or tasks such as weather forecasting.

Super computers

Smart devices or _ are designed for a fixed purpose.

embedded computers

Computers can provide access to more _.

information

Computers can _ repetitive tasks.

automate

Computers allow for better and .

communication, connections

Excessive computer use can result in several medical problems, including back pain, eyestrain, obesity, and .

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), repetitive strain injury (RSI)

_ is a painful inflammation of the tendons that often results from overuse.

RSI (REPETITIVE STRAIN INJURY)

_ is the study of how humans interact with fabricated objects, the goal is to create an environment that is well suited to the users’ physical needs.

ergonomics

_ risk can be created by malware, that is, bad software, that can attack your computer system.

Computer security

_ can be defined as unprocessed numbers, or facts.

Data

_ can be defined as facts and numbers that have been organised / processed so that it is useful / meaningful to people.

Information