4.1 Types of Chemical Bonds

Chemical bonds

electrostatic forces that hold atoms together in compounds Bonded atoms have lower energy than single, uncombined atoms; lower energy systems tend to have greater stability

Ionic bond

the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Isoelectronic

having the same number of electrons per atom, ion, or molecule

Covalent bond

a chemical bond in which atoms share the bonding electrons

Bonding electron pair

an electron pair that is involved in bonding, found in the space between 2 atoms

Atoms and ions stability rule

atoms and ions are stable if they are isoelectronic with a noble gas

Electron stability rule

electrons are most stable when they are a pair

Ionic bonds (electron behavior)

electrons are being exchanged

Covalent bonds (electron behavior)

electrons are being shared

Octet rule

many atoms tend to form the most stable substances when they are surrounded by 8 electrons in their valence shells

Duet rule

hydrogen is most stable when it has 2 valence electrons in its outer shell

Under-filled octets

molecules whose central atoms are surrounded by fewer than 8 electrons (ex

Overfilled octets

molecules whose central atoms are surrounded by more than 8 electrons (ex

Boron valence requirement

boron (B) needs to share or receive 6 electrons

Beryllium valence requirement

beryllium (Be) needs 4 total electrons

Electron repulsion

valence electrons on outer atoms will be pushed away by lone pairs of electrons on central atom