ch. 13 review topics

What are the main structures involved in the respiratory system?

The main structures include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

What is the function of serous membranes in the respiratory system?

They reduce friction between the lungs and surrounding structures during breathing.

What is the pathway of air in the respiratory system?

Air enters through the nose/mouth, travels through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and into the lungs.

What are non-respiratory actions and their purposes?

Actions like coughing, sneezing, and yawning serve to clear airways, expel irritants, and increase oxygen supply.

What are the 4 stages of the respiratory system?

1. Pulmonary ventilation 2. External respiration 3. Transport of gases 4. Internal respiration.

What is the process of gas exchange?

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide is removed.

What are the different respiratory volumes?

Tidal volume (0.5 L), inspiratory reserve volume (2.5 L), expiratory reserve volume (1.0 L), and residual volume (1.2 L).

What is the gas transport process?

Oxygen is transported by hemoglobin (O2 + Hb = HbO2), and carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate (CO2 + H2O

What is the average respiratory rate for adults?

The average respiratory rate is approximately 12-20 breaths per minute.

What factors influence respiratory rate and depth?

Factors include exercise, emotional state, chemical changes in the blood, and lung conditions.

What are common respiratory disorders?

Examples include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis.