Respiration and Fermentation Overview

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to respiration and fermentation processes as discussed in the lecture, aiding in the understanding of cellular energy production.

Anaerobic Respiration

A type of respiration that occurs without oxygen, using other inorganic molecules as the final electron acceptor.

Aerobic Respiration

A metabolic process that requires oxygen to produce energy, yielding a total of 38 ATP molecules from one glucose.

Glycolysis

The first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing 2 ATP molecules.

Final Electron Acceptor

In aerobic respiration, this is oxygen; in anaerobic respiration, it can be nitrates or sulfates.

Fermentation

A metabolic process that occurs when oxygen is absent, beginning with glycolysis and resulting in byproducts such as alcohol or lactic acid.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

A type of fermentation where glucose is converted into lactic acid, commonly occurring in muscle cells during intense exercise.

Ethanol Fermentation

A type of fermentation performed by yeast, converting glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide, widely used in brewing and baking.

NADH Recycling

The process in fermentation that regenerates NAD+ from NADH to allow glycolysis to continue producing ATP.

Deamination

The removal of an amino group from an amino acid, often a step in protein metabolism.

Decarboxylation

The removal of a carboxyl group from a molecule, typically related to amino acid metabolism.

Lipase

An enzyme responsible for breaking down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol for energy metabolism.