EMT CH6 Integumentary, Digestive, Endocrine, Urinary, Reproductive Systems

Epidermis

Outer skin layer; watertight covering

Dermis

Inner layer with vessels, glands, nerves

Subcutaneous tissue

Fat layer under skin for insulation

Stratum corneum

Outermost dead skin layer

Hair follicles

Organs that produce hair

Sebaceous glands

Secrete oily sebum along hair shafts

Sweat glands

Secrete sweat to cool body

Scalp

Thick skin covering the cranium

Mucous membranes

Line body cavities that contact outside world

Mucus

Lubricates and protects mucous membranes

Digestion

Processing of food to nourish cells

Small intestine

Absorbs nutrients; duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Large intestine

Removes water, forms stool

Liver

Produces bile, stores glucose, filters blood

Gallbladder

Stores bile from liver

Pancreas

Makes insulin and digestive enzymes

Appendix

Lymphatic tissue near small/large intestine junction

Stomach

Initial chemical digestion

Esophagus

Tube from throat to stomach

Rectum

Last part of large intestine

Cecum

First part of large intestine

Chyme

Partially digested food leaving stomach

Peristalsis

Muscle contractions that move contents through tract

Renal pelvis

Funnel collecting urine in kidney

Kidneys

Filter blood, produce urine

Ureters

Transport urine to bladder

Urinary bladder

Stores urine

Urethra

Excretes urine

Ovaries

Produce eggs and hormones

Fallopian tubes

Egg transport and fertilization site

Uterus

Supports fetus

Vagina

Birth canal and menstrual exit

Testicles

Produce sperm and testosterone

Prostate gland

Secretes part of ejaculatory fluid

Genital system

Male and female reproductive systems

Hormones

Chemical messengers from glands

Endocrine system

Controls hormone release

Adrenal glands

Release adrenaline in stress

Thyroid cartilage

Adam’s apple; upper larynx