Functional Groups

Alcohol

C-OH (all single bonds)

Ether

C-O-C

Amine

all single bonds to nitrogen

Thiol

C-S-H all single bonds

Haloalkane

when a hydrogen bonded to a carbon gets replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I

Carbonyl

C=O

Aldehyde

H-C=O (carbonyl group with hydrogen at the end of a chain)

Ketone

C-C=O (carbonyl in the middle of a chain)

Alkane

all single bonds (C-C & C-H) of a carbon

Alkene

C=C

Alkyne

C≡C

Aromatic Ring

alternating C=C and C-C bonds in a ring

Carboxylic Acid

O=C-OH

Ester

O=C-O-C

Amide

O=C-N