Unit 8: LIPIDS

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13 Terms

1

Lipids

Hydrophobic or amphiphilic biomolecules that include fatty acids, glycerolipids, sphingolipids, and polyketides.

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2

Fatty Acids

Building blocks of lipids, classified as either saturated (single bonds) or unsaturated (one or more double bonds).

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3

Saturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids with no double bonds; common examples include lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and arachidic acid.

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4

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds; examples include palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids.

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5

Cis and Trans Double Bonds

Cis double bonds create kinks in fatty acid chains, while trans double bonds do not; this affects the physical properties of the fats.

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6

Melting Point (MP)

The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid; in fatty acids, it increases with chain length and decreases with unsaturation.

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7

Glycerolipids

Lipids that consist of fatty acids esterified to a glycerol backbone, including triacylglycerols.

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8

Phospholipids

A type of glycerolipid that contains phosphate and is a major component of cell membranes.

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9

Sphingolipids

Lipids consisting of a sphingosine backbone and fatty acid; types include sphingomyelin, cerebrosides, and gangliosides.

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10

Sterols

A type of lipid characterized by a multi-ring structure, including cholesterol and plant sterols.

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11

Prostaglandins

Hormone-like molecules derived from arachidonic acid that have various effects on cellular physiology.

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12

Fat-soluble Vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, and K that are soluble in fats and essential for various bodily functions.

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13

Beta Oxidation

The metabolic process by which fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria to produce acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2.

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