World Interim

Economic globalization

Global exchange of goods, services, and labor.

Cultural globalization

The spread of cultural items such as art.

Political globalization

Communication between political systems.

Environmental globalization

Environmental changes that transcend national borders.

Universal Culture

Cultural elements that are practiced by all human societies, such as love and family.

Cultural Specifics

Cultural practices and traditions that are unique to specific cultures.

Personal features

Personal attributes like personality

Collectivist Culture

A cultural orientation that emphasizes the goals and needs of the group over individual desires.

Individualistic Culture

A cultural orientation that values personal autonomy and self-reliance.

Atman

The eternal soul or self in Hindu belief.

Karma

The belief that actions in one's life will affect one's future (Hinduism).

Dharma

The duty to do good (Hinduism).

Artha

The pursuit of material prosperity and success (Hinduism).

Reincarnation

The belief that the soul is reborn into a new body after death (Hinduism).

Moksha

Liberation from the cycle of reincarnation, achieved through spiritual enlightenment (Hinduism).

Buddhism

A religion that emerged from Hinduism, emphasizing suffering and the path to peace.

Buddha

The enlightened one (Buddhism)

Dakkah

the suffering and satisfaction in life (Buddhism)

Nirvana

state of peace (Buddhism)

Orthodox

most traditional branch of judaism

Conservative

a moderate approach to jewish tradition

Reform

more liberal/modern approach to jewish tradition

Mohammed

Prophet and founder of Islam

5 Pillars of Islam

faith, prayer, donating, fasting, pilgrimage to mecca

Quran

Islam’s holy text

Jihad

The struggle and suffering within oneself for faith.

Five Pillars of Islam

The fundamental acts of worship in Islam, including faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage.

The Silk Road

A trading route that connected the East and West, facilitating the exchange of goods and ideas.

Chingghis Khan

leader of mongolian empire

The Black Death

A devastating epidemic that struck Europe, causing widespread mortality.

Forbidden City

palace with high security, nobody could enter without permission

Emperor Hongwu

first emperor of the ming dynasty

Chattel slavery

A type of slavery where individuals are treated as personal property.

Xi Jinping

China’s current leader

Uighurs

China trying to get rid of their population by doing forced IUDs and forced abortions

Shogun Rule

military dictatorship where samurai took over, emperor has no real power

King Sejong

Joseon kingdom’s leader, designed hangul (modern korean alphabet)

Middle Passage

The route taken by slave ships from Africa to the Americas.

Paradigm Shift

A fundamental change in the approach or underlying assumptions of a particular field.

Geocentric Theory

The belief that the Earth is the center of the universe.

Heliocentric Theory

The belief that the Sun is the center of the universe.

Nicolaus Copernicus

An astronomer who proposed the heliocentric theory.

Galileo Galilei

An Italian scientist who supported the heliocentric theory and faced punishment for it.