World Interim

Unit 1: A Global World View and the Forces and Effects of Globalization

Terms & Topics:

• Globalization

The process in which societies unite through the spread of culture, ideas, language etc. 

• Four major components of globalization

1. Economic globalization →global exchange of goods, service and labor 

2. Cultural globalization → the spread of cultural items (art) 

3. Political globalization → communication between political systems 

4. Environmental globalization → environmental changes that transcend borders

• Culture 

A set of shared beliefs, norms, practices, and values that shape how a person lives 

• Surface Culture vs. Deep(internal) Culture: Iceberg 

• Surface culture → what a person can see like food, clothing 

• Deep/ internal culture → beliefs/ communication styles/ social norms 

• Universal Culture

Something that every person practices 

Ex: love and family 

• Cultural Specifics 

Cultural practices and traditions specific to cultures 

Ex: eating with chopsticks 

• Personal Features

Personal attributes 

Ex: personality, values 

• Collectivist Culture vs. Individualistic Culture 

Collectivist → emphasizing the goals and needs of the group over oneself 

• The squawking duck gets shot 

               Individualistic → personal autonomy and speaking up for oneself 

• The squeaky wheel gets the greece 

• Prejudice

Making a judgement on a person based on their looks/ presentation over their values 

• Religion 

A belief set of a person in which they follow systems of worship

• Monotheistic vs. Polytheistic 

Monotheistic → worshipping only 1 god 

Polytheistic → worshipping 2+ gods

• Hinduism - polytheistic 

  • Atman

The eternal soul or self 

• Karma

The beliefs that actions in one's life will affect one's future

• Dharma

The duty to do good

• Artha

The pursuit of material prosperity and success

• Reincarnation

The belief that the soul is reborn into a new body after death

• Moksha 

Liberation from the cycle of reincarnation only achieved when you reach the highest rung in the social hierarchy 

• Achieving spiritual enlightenment 

• Buddhism - No god 

Bloomed from hinduism

→siddhartha, a prince, realized there were so many people suffering so he goes on this journey and spreads teachings that you suffer your whole life and when you pass away your afterlife is peaceful 

• Buddha 

The enlightened one 

• Dakkah

The suffering and satisfaction in life 

• Nirvana 

Achieving a state of piece 

• Judaism (Monotheistic)

The covenant =  god gives Abraham labor and protection and Abraham promises that his children will follow him and spread the word of god. 

• Orthodox

Most traditional branch of judaism 

• Conservative 

A moderate approach to jewish tradition

• Reform 

A more modern and liberal approach to judaism

• Islam (monotheistic) 

  • Mohammed 

The prophet and founder of islam

• Five Pillars 

Faith, prayer, donating to the poor, fasting, pilgrimage to mecca 

• Quran 

Holy text 

• Allah 

The god 

• Jihad

Struggle and suffering with the faith of oneself  

• Christianity 

  • Bible

Holy text 

• Father, Son, Holy Spirit

The holy trinity 

• Catholic, Protestant & Eastern Orthodox 

Three main branches of christianity

Key Questions for Unit 1:

• What is globalization and what are some examples and consequences? 

• Explain the iceberg and what it has to do with the discussion surrounding culture.  How does this discussion play a role in examining World Studies and understanding globalization?

Unit 2: Early Globalization 

The Mongolian Empire:

• Chinggis Khan 

Leader of the Mongolian Empire → conquered asian land 

→ convinced individuals to join his empire and implemented punishment when they refused 

• Responsible for the deaths of 4 million 

• Believed in meritocracy

• His empire encapsulated freedom of religion 

• The Silk Road 

Spanned from italy to china (400 miles) 

• Pirates and robbers stood along the road but were minimized by the Mongols which profited from the trade 

• Transmitted black death 

China & The Ming Dynasty: 

• Ming Dynasty Accomplishments

Imperialist 

• Capital was created in beijing → where the forbidden city was 

  • Constructed great wall 

  • Dynasty rose up after mongolia's fall 

  • Economically lead the world 

  • Highly educated 

  • Zeng-He held voyages

examples of globalization limited 

• Great Wall

Defensive strategy against northern tribes

• 1500 miles long at the time 

• Blocked globalization

• Forbidden City 

Palace with extremely limited entrance 

• Housed emperors and was the center of political power throughout history 

• First visiter: Matteo Ricci (catholic jesuit priest spreading/ converting people to christianity

• Emperor Hongwu 

Hungry for control 

• Implemented surveillance to prevent resistance 

• Revised chinal legal code

  • Purged legal system to gain more control 

  • Imperial tyrant 

• Globalization & The Ming Dynasty 

Good before ming dynasty, bad during, good after

• China Today 

Xi jinping 

• Extremely high population with many poor and rich (not communist) 

• Trying to take back taiwan 

  • Socialist and capitalist 

• Center of goods manufacturing 

• Adverse relation w/ america (both rely on each other despite opposite policies) 

President implements surveillance and has strong control over people & sensors media 

              Uighurs 

• Ethnic group within china undergoing genocide without murder 

• Re-education camps for youth

• Forced IUDs to prevent reproduction 

• They want to access resources 

              Hong Kong

• Territory of china 

              Taiwan 

• China is trying to claim taiwan 

Japan:

• Samurai Warriors 

Elite class of ruthless armed warriors that were educated and well rounded 

• Loyal service until death 

• Carries 2 swords 

• Violence during this time 

• Shogun Rule 

Military dictatorship ruled by emperor Go Daigo

• Golden Age 

Period of time including a cultural renaissance 

• Art, nature, zen, religion (buddhism)

• Japan Today

Parliamentary system w/ prime minister and 3 branches of government

• Aging population w/ low birth rates caused by many opportunities for women and poor immigration policies 

  • Schools closing 

  • Poor economy

Korea & The Joseon Kingdom:

• Hermit Kingdom (hermit kingdom is also north korea today)

Ruled by king sejong 

King sejong made programs to help people out 

→ helped farmers 

→ made an alphabet 

• DID NOT ABOLISH SLAVERY

• Extreme seclusion due to fear of being taken over 

• Aristocracy and strict cas system

• Accomplishments 

Developed an alphabet so people of all social classes could be literate 

Created a rain gauge so they could track environmental patterns 

• Neo-Confucian Ideology 

Self fulfillment composed of ethics and relationships with others and the land

• Scientific inventions inform people and create more knowledge 

→ gives wealth of information 

→ chosen kept surpluses of food to prevent the lower rungs from rioting and overthrowing the cas system 

• Fall of the Joseon Kingdom 

Japan invades → 1910 and annexes korea into japan and diminishes the rights of korean people

• Japan loses korea in WW2 and korea divided into north and south

• North Korea Today

Communist and autocratic 

• Forced labor, isolation, concentration camps if defy laws → generational encampment 

• South Korea Today

Democratic 

• Educated 

• Strong economy 

Great Zimbabwe 

• House of Stone 

Was a fortress which housed Mansa Musa’s wifes and housed trade 

• Served as a protection base of sorts

Mali Empire

Known for wealth, resources and education 

• Mansa Musa 

Richest man in history and was the emperor of the Mali Empire 

• Mali Today 

Extremely unsafe with extreme amounts of violence and kidnappings 

• Military are extremely prevalent in people's day to day life 

Economic growth is hindered and there is a lot of poverty 

Europe

• The Black Death 

Many people died from this disease which was brought to europe via silk road 

• People had poor hygiene leading to such an outbreak of disease

• Caused inflation 

Flagellants - were european vigilantes who would whip themselves, embodying the sins of the people

• The plague caused a decrease in religious practices 

• The Peasants Revolt in England 

A reaction to the hardships of the plague

• Europe Today

EU →political economical union of 27 member states 

Eurozone → EU countries that have adopted the euro

Schengen → european states that have abolished passports 

NATO → north atlantic treaty organization 

• Defense alliance

Security hindered by Ukraine Russia conflict 

Key Questions for Unit 2:

• How did the cultural values/beliefs influence people’s reactions to the Bubonic Plague? 

• What role did globalization play in the empires above? 

Unit 3: Empires and Encounters in the Early Modern World 

• Guns, Germs & Steel (Jared Diamond) 

  • What was Diamond’s argument about how and why civilizations developed differently and unequally?  

  • What do guns, germs and steel have to do with how societies developed? 

Atantic Slave Trade:

• Race 

The idea that  humans are divided into distinct groups in the basis of inherited physical differences 

• Slavery 

People being forced to take part in manual labor without their consent or ability to leave 

• Chattel slavery was the kind practiced at this time 

• Middle Passage 

A route of the slave trade that mad a triangual motion from south america, to north america to trading posts in africa 

• Disease, economy, & technology

Disease

       -      Disease rapidly spread through ships in which slaves were shipped on 

• African individuals were more immune to european disease unlike the native population due to close proximity

• African individuals brought over disease from the ships 

Economy - banks were involved and there were down payments on enslaved people

• American farmers would depend on the enslaved people on coming in to work on farm

• Goods needed to be produced from new land sources 

If one enslaved person would die on the ship they would cut their ear off to use as proof of their death → farmers would then get their money back

• Ship captains kept logs on who died on the ship as proof 

Technology -  europeans built boats to transport enslaved people 

• Europeans gave guns to african tribes to capture each other in order to bring more african individuals into the slave trade 

  • The guns helped the african populations to protect themselves against the other populations and to establish themselves as the strongest tribe

• Elmina Castle & Cape Coast Castle 

Both are dungeons where the african individuals were kept before boarding the slave ships 

• The Unthinking Decision 

The idea that it was natural to start race based slavery 

• Portugal, Brazil & the Slave Trade

Key Unit Questions:

• What role did disease technology and economy play in the Atlantic Slave Trade? 

• What role does globalization play in the empires and topics above? 

Unit 4: Global Commerce, Religion & Science 

The Scientific Revolution 

• Paradigm 

A typical example of a pattern 

• A paradigm shift 

  • A new paradigm is created on the account for the anomalies 

• “Normal Science”

The standard paradigm which is the common belief of the people

• Anomalies 

Something that deviates from the normal 

• Scientific Revolution in the Middle East

Scientists replaced the old assumptions with new theories which brought about a change in thought 

• Geocentric vs. Heliocentric Theory 

Geocentric theory → the planets revolve around earth and the earth is the center

Heliocentric theory → the fact that the planets revolve around the sun

• Nicolaus Copernicus 

• Started the heliocentric theory 

• Tycho Brache 

• Corroborated copernicus’s theory 

Mapped the stars using copernicus’s work 

Credit was taken by kepler 

• Johannes Kepler

German mathematician and astronomer 

• Took credit for Branches studies 

• Formulated 3 laws of planetary motion 

• Galileo 

Italian scientist 

• Said the heliocentric theory is true and was punished for it 

• Issac Newton 

English scientist 

• Gravity laws 

Key Unit Question: 

• What was revolutionary about the Scientific Revolution? 

• What role does globalization play in the empires and topics above?