Unit 2: Encoding, Storage, & Retrieval

These flashcards cover key concepts related to encoding, storage, and retrieval of memory as discussed in Unit 2.

Encoding

The process of getting information into memory.

Storage

The process of maintaining and retaining information in memory.

Mnemonic Devices

Techniques used to aid memory, such as linking information with locations.

Chunking

The process of organizing information into groups that are easier to remember.

Spacing Effect

The tendency for better retention of memory when learning is spread over time.

Serial Position Effect

The tendency to remember the beginning and end items in a list better than those in the middle.

Sensory Memory

The brief, initial stage of memory that captures sensory information.

Short-Term Memory

Memory that holds information for a limited time, typically about 15-20 seconds.

Long-Term Memory

Memory that stores information over an extended period, potentially for a lifetime.

Maintenance Rehearsal

Repeating information over and over to keep it in short-term memory.

Elaborative Rehearsal

Linking new information to something meaningful to transfer it to long-term memory.

Recall

Retrieving information without specific cues.

Recognition

Retrieving information that seems familiar.

Context-dependent memory

Retrieval of memories is stronger in the same environment where the memories were formed.

Mood-dependent memories

The ability to recall information more easily when in the same emotional state as when encoded.

Testing Effect

Learning and memory are improved by the inclusion of practice tests.

Amnesia

The loss of memory, which can be retrograde (loss of past) or anterograde (inability to form new memories).

Alzheimer's Disease

A neurodegenerative condition that affects memory and cognitive function.

Infantile Amnesia

The inability to recall early childhood memories.