med term chapter 2

integumentary system

structures: skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous cells

fxn: forms a perfect ive two-way barrier; aids in temperature regulation

medical specialty: dermatology and plastic surgery

word parts: -ary= pertaining to, dermat/o= skin, -logy= study of

musculoskeletal system (MS)

structures: bones, joints, muscles

fxn: skeleton supports and protects body, forms blood cells, and stores minerals; muscles produce movement

medical specialty: orthopedics, orthopedic surgury, rheumatology

word parts: muscul/o= muscle, -al= pertaining to, orth/o= straight, ped/o= foot, -ic= pertaining to, -logy= study of

cardiovascular system (CV)

structures: heart, veins, arteries

fxn: pumps blood through entire body to transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste

medical specialty: cardiology

word parts: cardi/o= heart, vascul/o= blood vessel, -ar= pertaining to, -logy= study of

blood (hematic system)

structures: plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

fxn: transports oxygen, protects against pathogens, and controls bleeding

medical specialty: hematology

word parts: hemat/o= blood, -ic= pertaining to, -logy= study of

lymphatic system

structures: lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus gland, tonsils

fxn: protects body from disease and invasion from pathogens

medical specialty: immunology

word parts: lymph/o= lymph, -atic= pertaining to

respiratory system

structures: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

fxn: obtains oxygen from the environment and removes carbon dioxide from the body

medical specialty: otorhinolaryngology, pulmonology, thoracic surgery

word parts: -ory= pertaining to, ot/o= ear, thorac/o= chest

digestive or gastrointestinal (GI) system

structures: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands

fxn: ingests, digests, and absorbs nutrients for the body

medical specialty: gastroenterology, proctology

word parts: gastr/o= stomach, enter/o= small intestine, proct/o= rectum and anus

urinary system

structures: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

fxn: filters waste products out of blood and removes them from body

medical specialty: nephrology, urology

word parts: urin/o= urine, nephr/o= kidney, ur/o= urine

female reproductive system

structures: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, breasts

fxn: produces eggs for reproduction, provides place for growing baby, and nourishes infant

medical specialty: gynecology, obstetrics

word parts: gynec/o= female

male reproductive system

structures: testes, epididymis, vas deferents, penis, seminal vesticals, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland

fxn: produces sperm for reproduction

medical specialty: urology

word parts: ur/o= urine

endocrine system

structures: pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes

fxn: regulates metabolic activities of body

medical specialty: endocrinology

word parts: endo-= within, crin/o= to secrete

nervous system

structures: brain, spinal cord, nerves

fxn: receives sensory information and coordinates body’s response

medical specialty: neurology, neurosurgery

senses pt 1 (ophthalmology)

structures: eyes

fxn: sensory organs that convert light into electrical impulses allowing for vision

senses pt2 (otorhinolaryngology)

structures: ears

fxn: sensory organs with dual purpose; convert sound waves into electrical impulses allowing for hearing and maintaining body’s sense of balance