Unit 2 Vocabulary Part 1

Adaptation

________- a trait that improves an individuals fitness.

Resistance

________- a measure of how much a disturbance can affect flows of energy and matter in an ecosystem.

Gene flow

________- the process by which individuals move from one population to another and thereby alter the genetic composition of both populations.

Resilience

________- the rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a disturbance.

Distribution

________- areas of the world in which a species live.

Ecosystem services

________- the processes by which life- supporting resources such as clean water, timber, fisheries, and agricultural crops are produced.

Bottleneck

________ effect- a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size.

Extinction

________- the death of the last member of a species.

Phylogeny

________- the branching pattern of evolutionary relationships.

Biodiversity

________- the diversity of life form in an environment.

Restoration

________ ecology- the study and implementation of ________ damaged ecosystems.

Evolution

________- a change in the genetic composition of a population over time.

Keystone

________ species- a species that is not very abundant but has large effects on an ecology community.

Speciation

________- the evolution of new species.

Provision

________- a good that humans can use directly.

Fitness

________- an individuals ability to survive and reproduce.

Anthropogenic

________- derived from human activities.

Disturbance

________- an event, caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents resulting in changes in population size or community composition.

Climax community

________- historically described as the final stage of succession.

Ecological footprint

________- a measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in area of land.

Development

________- improvement in human well- being through economic advancement.

Pioneer

________ species- a species that can colonize new areas rapidly and grow well in full sunshine.

Ecosystem

________ engineer- a keystone species that creates or maintains habitat for other species.

unit of population

Per capita- amount per each person in a country or ________.

Fundamental niche

________- the suite of abiotic conditions under which a species can survive, grow and reproduce.

Sustainability

________- living on earth in a way that allows human to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources.

Range of tolerance

________- the limits to the abiotic conditions that a species can tolerate.

Intermediate

________ disturbance hypothesis- the hypothesis that ecosystems experiencing intermediate levels of disturbance are more diverse that those with high or low disturbance rates.

niche

Realized ________- the range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually live.

Ecological succession

________- the predictable replacement of one group of species by another group of species over time.

Niche generalist

________- a species that can live under a wide range of abiotic and biotic conditions.

group of organisms

Species- a(n) ________ that is distinct from other groups in its morphology (body form and structure), behavior, or biochemical properties.

Niche specialist

________- a species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat or to feed on a small group 0f species.

Theory of island

________ biogeography- a theory that demonstrates the dual importance of habitat size and distance in determining species richness.

Genetic diversity

________- a measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population.

Greenhouse gases

________- gases in Earths atmosphere that trap heat near the surface.

Ecosystem services 

the processes by which life-supporting resources such as clean water, timber, fisheries, and agricultural crops are produced

Environmental indicator 

an indicator that describes the current state of an environmental system

Biodiversity 

the diversity of life form in an environment

Genetic diversity 

a measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population

Species 

a group of organisms that is distinct from other groups in its morphology (body form and structure), behavior, or biochemical properties

Species diversity 

the number of species in a region or in a particular ecosystem

Speciation 

the evolution of new species

Background extinction rate 

the average rate at which species become extinct over the long term

Greenhouse gases 

gases in Earths atmosphere that trap heat near the surface

Anthropogenic 

derived from human activities

Per capita 

amount per each person in a country or unit of population

Development 

improvement in human well-being through economic advancement

Sustainability 

living on earth in a way that allows human to use its resources without depriving future  generations of those resources

Sustainable development

development that balances current human well-being and economic advancement with resources management for the benefit of future generations

Ecological footprint 

a measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in area of land

Keystone species 

a species that is not very abundant but has large effects on an ecology community

Ecosystem engineer 

a keystone species that creates or maintains habitat for other species

Ecological succession 

the predictable replacement of one group of species by another group of species over time

Primary succession 

ecological succession occurring on surfaces that are initially devoid of soil

Secondary succession 

the succession of plants life that occurs in areas that have been disturbed but have not lost their soil

Pioneer species 

a species that can colonize new areas rapidly and grow well in full sunshine

Climax community 

historically described as the final stage of succession

Theory of island biogeography 

a theory that demonstrates the dual importance of habitat size and distance in determining species richness

Disturbance 

an event, caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents resulting in changes in population size or community composition

Resistance 

a measure of how much a disturbance can affect flows of energy and matter in an ecosystem

Resilience 

the rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a disturbance

Restoration ecology 

the study and implementation of restoring damaged ecosystems

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis 

the hypothesis that ecosystems experiencing intermediate levels of disturbance are more diverse that those with high or low disturbance rates

Species richness 

the number of species in a given area

Species evenness 

the relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given area

Phylogeny 

the branching pattern of evolutionary relationships

Evolution 

a change in the genetic composition of a population over time

Fitness 

an individuals ability to survive and reproduce

Adaptation 

a trait that improves an individuals fitness

Gene flow 

the process by which individuals move from one population to another and thereby alter the genetic composition of both populations

Genetic drift 

a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating

Bottleneck effect 

a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size

Extinction 

the death of the last member of a species

Founder effect 

a change in the genetic composition of a population as a result of descending from a small number of colonizing individuals

Range of tolerance 

the limits to the abiotic conditions that a species can tolerate

Fundamental niche 

the suite of abiotic conditions under which a species can survive, grow and reproduce

Realized niche 

the range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually live

Distribution 

areas of the world in which a species live

Niche generalist

a species that can live under a wide range of abiotic and biotic conditions

Niche specialist 

a species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat or to feed on a small group 0f species

Intrinsic value 

value independent of any benefit to humans

Instrumental value 

worth as an instrument or a tool that can be used to accomplish a goal

Provision 

a good that humans can use directly