Language, Education, & Work

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to language, education, and work as outlined in the lecture notes.

Phonemes

Basic units of sound that can change the meaning of a word.

Morphemes

Basic units of meaning that exist in a word.

Syntax

Systematic rules for forming sentences.

Semantics

Understanding the meanings of sentences.

Pragmatics

Rules for specifying how language is used appropriately in different social contexts.

Prosody

How sounds are produced, including melody of speech with pitch or intonation.

Universal grammar

System of common rules and properties for learning any of the world’s languages.

Language acquisition device (LAD)

Areas of the brain that sift through language, apply universal rules, and tailor the system to specifics of the language environment.

Nativist perspective

Belief that the capacity for acquiring language has a genetic basis.

Mastery motivation

Striving for mastery or competence that appears to be inborn and universal.

Telegraphic speech

Early combinations of two, three, or more words, emphasizing the semantic relationships among words.

Emergent literacy

Developmental precursors of reading skills in young children.

Dyslexia

Characterized by difficulties with oral language, written language, and reading.

Fixed mindset

Belief that abilities and talent are fixed or static.

Growth mindset

Belief that abilities and talent are malleable, motivating effort towards learning.

Vocational choice

The process of making career and job choices influenced by one’s interests and personality.

Person-environment fit

The match between an individual's characteristics and their work environment.