Chapter 23 - chronic health conditions and special populations

how many minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity should children between the ages of 5 to 17 get per day

60 mins minimum

mortality

a state or a risk of death or dying

arteriosclerosis

a general term that refers to the hardening and loss of elasticity of arteries

atherosclerosis

the processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow

proprioception

the body’s ability to naturally sense its general orientation and relative position of its parts

why are children not good at tolerating endurance activities in the hot, humid environments

they have a higher submaximal oxygen demand and a lower absolute sweating rate than adults

what are improvements in strength and performance most likely due to in children

neural adaptations

what kind of neural adaptations occur in children during exercise

better coordination between agonist and antagonist muscles, increased motor unit recruitment, higher neural signaling to muscles during activation

obesity

a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater

overweight

a body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards, a body mass index of 25-29.9

for effective weight loss, how many calories should obese people expend per session

200-300 (weekly minimum 1200)

what should exercise training for obese individuals be structured like

combination of core, balance, cardiorespiratory, and resistance training

what position should there be caution in placing obese individuals in

prone

adherence

the level of commitment to a behavior or plan of action

diabetes

chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carb usage and enhances usage of fat and protein

is type 1 diabetes insulin dependent or noninsulin-dependent

insulin dependent

what cells produce insulin

beta cells

hypertension

consistently elevated blood pressure

stroke

a sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel

heart failure

a condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs

kidney failure

a sudden condition in which the kidneys cannot sufficiently filter waste from the blood and leads to renal failure

plaque stabilization

improving the health of the internal lining of the coronary artery

what are signs and symptoms of exercise intolerance

SOB, dizziness, and excessive fatigue

peak bone mass

the highest amount of bone mass a person is able to achieve during their lifetime

arthritis

chronic inflammation of the joints

osteoarthritis

caused by degeneration of cartilage within joints

rheumatoid arthritis

a degenerative joint disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissue

what is osteoarthritis caused by

degeneration of cartilage within joints

atrophy

the wasting away or decrease in size of body tissue

why are symptoms of arthritis heightened through inactivity

as a result of muscle atrophy and lack of tissue flexibility

for individuals with osteoporosis, what is the recommended duration of physical activity

20-60 mins per day or 8 to 10 min bouts

how long should each session with a cancer patient be

20-30 mins of total aerobic activity - intermittent bouts

restrictive lung disease

the condition of a fibrous lung tissue which results in a decreased ability to expand the lungs

chronic obstructive lung disease

the condition of altered air flow through the lungs, generally caused by airway obstruction as a result of mucus production

chronic obstructive lung disease

the condition of altered airflow through the lungs generally caused by airway obstruction as a result of mucus production

dyspnea

SOB or labored breathing

intermittent claudication

the manifestation of the symptoms caused by peripheral artery disease

peripheral arterial disease

a group of diseases in which blood vessels become restricted or blocked, typically as a result of atherosclerosis