A layer of fatty tissue encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next.
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cell body (soma)
the part of a neuron that coordinates information-processing tasks and keeps the cell alive
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Dendrites
Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.
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axon terminal (synaptic knob)
the end of an axon
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Serotonin
Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal. Loss linked to depression.
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Dopamine
control of movement and sensations of pleasure, loss leads to schizophrenia and Parkinson's
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Acetylcholine
Arousal, attention, memory, controls voluntary and involuntary muscle contractions
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Endorphins
involved in pain relief
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Norepinephrine
Arousal and mood
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GABA
Involved in sleep and inhibits movement, high amounts are released in alcohol consumption
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Glutamate
Learning, memory formation, nervous system development, synaptic plasticity
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central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system
transmits information to and from the central nervous system
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autonomic nervous system
automatically regulates glands, internal organs and blood vessels, pupil dilation, digestion, and blood pressure
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somatic nervous system
carries sensory information and controls movement of the skeletal muscles
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parasympathetic nervous system
Calms the body down in ordinary conditions
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sympathetic nervous system
Arouses the body (fight or flight) in times of stress
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motor system (efferent)
Carry messages from CNS to muscles and glands
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sensory system (afferent)
carries messages from senses to CNS
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amyloid beta
Protein responsible for unconscious and sleep, aggregates to more than normal in Alzheimer's
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Pituary Gland (Master Gland)
regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands, controls salt and water levels
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pineal gland
Keeps you awake
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thyroid gland
produces thyroxine, helps maintain homeostasis
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pancreas
Regulates the level of sugar in the blood
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Adrenal glands
a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. the adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress.
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Gonads
Regulate sexual growth and reproduction
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CT scan (mapping structure)
a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body
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MRI scan (mapping structure)
uses radio waves and a very strong magnetic field to produce images of the soft tissue