Classics - Midterm Terms

Helots

743 - 668 BCE

spartans would enslave people to the west (mycenaeans)

Krypteia

taking down people who talk about rising up or starting a war

Akklesia

many people would vote in an election

Metics

people that would work around the city of Athens - immigrants

Doulos

slaves

Oiketes

slaves that worked in the household

similar to family status

Paidagogous

slaves that were responsible for educating that children

Symposium

male-only meetings

women slaves were entertainers

would talk about math, philosophy, astronomy, etc.

Pornai

prostitute

Oikos

the male family head

Kyrios

women

Erastes and Eromenos

older man and younger man within a sexual relationship

Pedarasty

when a older man and a younger boy engage in sexual activity that the older man takes pleasure from

Kynodesme

leash or binding that they would tie around their penises

they also used this in the olympic games for comfort and to keep them tucked away

Infibulation

the bounding of the penis

Xenophon

writer that talks about the division of gender roles in the home

Sophrosyne

moderation of womens sexual behaviour - they should limit it

Andreia

manliness

Sappho

ode to Aphrodite

talked explicitly about lesbian sexual activity

630 - 570 BCE

from the island of lesbos

Apimachia

polis would make treaties with nearby polis

Symmachia

making treaties with other polis as a plan to raid other places together

Proxenos

ambassador to mediate treaties between polis’

Solon

the man that came up with the idea to divide athens into social classes

Aspis

the hoplite sheild

weight is distributed along the entire arm

Greaves

the lower leg armour of hoplites

Doru

main weapon

stabbing weapon

balanced

held overhand

Xiphos and Kopis

swords that hoplites would carry

Hoplite Phalanx

densely packed group of hoplites with shields in left hand and weapons in right

Sarissa and Duru

like a hoplite phalanx but with longer spears

used to take over eqypt

Pindar

writer who wrote about the victors of the olympics (epinician poetry)

Nike

goddess of victory

Dactylic Hexameter

the type of writing the homer wrote in

Aoidos and Phapsode

composer and performer

Peitho

personification of persuasion

Casus Belli

the reason for a war starting

Epithets

names that describe a character in a story

ex. achilles is swift-footed

Demodocus

the character that tells the story of the odyssey

inserted themselves into the story several times

Catharsis

purification of emotions

Tragedy

comes from the worship of Dionysus (god of releasing emotions)

means goat-song

Satyrs

sexual beings

goat-demons

Aeschylus

the father of tragedy

invented the trilogy (Oresteia, Libation Bearers, and Eumenides)

Europides

author who writes about emotional realism with female protagonists (medea)

Dawn

the parent of memnon

Quintus Smyrnaeus

wrote that the fall of troy happened with the fight between achilles and memnon

also talks about achilles dueling Penthesilia

Penthesilea

weaponized version of feminism

Achilles duels her, kills her, then falls in love with her

Prothesis

the laying out of someone at a funeral (ceremony)

Exekias

first artist to put his name on his work

made a vase that shows achilles and Ajax playing a game in the battle of troy

Andokides

an artist that uses the red figure technique

made the attic red-figure amphora

Moscophoros

the creepy looking archaic smile seen on early sculptures

Contrapossto

a relaxed pose

shoulders point one way, the hips point the other way

Praxiteles

the first artist to sexualize women in art

made Aphrodites in knidos

Kallipygos

beautiful butt

Athenaeus Deipnosophists

women who lifted their dresses to show their butts

Phidias

artist

possibly made the Riae Bronzes

made the Statue of Athena and the Statue of Zeus

Praxiteles

artist from Milos

Venus de Milo was attributed to him, but was not actually his

had many other famous works

Apotropaic

the power that women have to turn things away

power to turn away large events, evil spirits, etc.

Laocoon

style of art that is very emotional and sexual

common in the hellenistic period

Barberini Faun

gothic art style that has heavy erotic styles incorporated

art was used as a physical weapon 537 BCE

Megaron

early mycenaean temple with a large rectangular chamber that has large columns along the outside

Order

rules for architecture styles

Doric

type of architecture style

shorter, flat top to columns, and the columns are directly on the stylobate

includes triglyphs and metopes

Ionic

type of architectural style

has curly looking thing at the top of the columns, taller than doric

Corinthian

type of architectural style

the tops of the columns have detailed plant carvings

Erectheion

a temple in athens that shows ionic order

Entablature

the horizontal section on top of the columns that holds up the roof

Triglyphs

the vertical lines around the perimeter of doric order temples

had metopes in between

Metopes

the flat areas between triglyphs where images were often carved

Stylobate

the base of doric temples

Philippeion

the person who completed the temple of Hera in Olympia

added the back part in ionic order

Gigantomachy

the idea of making art pieces for powerful people large

ex. a person in power is double the height of a citizen

Hekatompedon

the temple next to the old temple of Athena

built after they won against the persian army

Hekatompedos

the parthenon was originally called this

Ictinus and Callicrates

the architects who designed the parthenon

Athena Parthenos

the large statue that was inside the temple of Athena

made by Phidias

Entasis

the columns of the parthenon are all slightly tapered inward

Church of the Theotokos

the parthenon was used for this purpose in the 6th century AD

Mythic Cosmogony

relying on Hesiod an Homer’s stories (the idea of divine kingship)

Thales of Miletus

the founder of the Milesian school of philosophers in Ionia (between greek and persian land)

known as the first philosopher

had a similar theory as Pythagoras

predicted a solar eclipse

created a method of measuring the height of the pyramids

the temple of Apollo in Delphi is attributed to him

Lycurgus

philosopher that traveled around the world (including india - where he met the gymnosophists)

the person that wanted all spartans to be equal (law-giver of sparta)

Temple of Apollo

a temple in Delphi

Pre-socratic Era

used to describe philosophers before Socrates (before 469-399 BCE)

Anaxagoras

was in the persian army and moved to Athens after the war

a philosopher that helped bring over some eastern ideas to greece

friends with Pericles and Euripides and influenced their works

Socrates

philosopher

taught plato and xenophon

known for creating dialectics for teaching

Plato

a student of Socrates

wrote the Phaeso

known for the creation of the acadamy

Socratic Paradox

i know that i know nothing

Platos Phaedo

talks about the death of socrates - he sacrificed himself and willingly drank the poison

his last words were “Crito, we owe a rooster to Aesclepius”

Scuola di Atene

the painting of the school of Athens

has Plato and Aristotle in the centre having a debate

Lyceum

Aristotle founded this

Alexander the Great

Taught by Aristotle

the leader of Macedonia in 334 BCE

Neolithic Period

7000 - 3000 BCE

Bronze Age

3000 - 1000 BCE

Dark Age

1000 - 800 BCE

Archaic Period

776 - 480 BCE

Classical Period

480 - 338 BCE

Hellenistic Period

338 - 27 BCE

Roman Greece Era

27 BCE - 397 CE

Olympics Start Date

began in the archaic period

first was in 776 BCE

Eleinan Coroebus

the man that won the first olympics

Diod

the idea that the greeks would keep track of years based on the victors of the olympics for that year

Stade

a unit of measure

192.27 m

600 feet of Heracles